Shapiro, JosephTrevino, Jorge Moreno2013-06-252013-06-252004-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14176The authors use propensity score matching to evaluate the effectiveness of CONAFE, a compensatory education program in Mexico, in improving student test scores and lowering repetition and failure rates. They find that CONAFE is most effective in improving primary school math learning and secondary school Spanish learning. Secondary education delivered by way of television to remote communities and bilingual education for indigenous students are both shown to improve student achievement. CONAFE also lowers primary school repetition and failure rates. The authors conclude that this compensatory education program can effectively improve short-term learning results for disadvantaged students, but that improvement varies by the subject of instruction and the demographics of students taught.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGEDAUDIOVISUAL MATERIALSBASIC EDUCATIONBILINGUAL EDUCATIONCURRICULADISTANCE EDUCATIONEDUCATION INDICATORSEDUCATION PROGRAMSEDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTEDUCATIONAL MATERIALSEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMESEDUCATORSEMPLOYMENTETHNIC GROUPSFAMILIESFATHERSINDIGENOUS CHILDRENINDIGENOUS CULTUREINDIGENOUS PEOPLESINSTRUCTIONINTERVENTIONSISOLATIONKNOWLEDGE LEVELLEARNINGLEARNING OUTCOMESLECTURESLETLITERACYMATH SKILLSMATHEMATICSMOTHER TONGUEMOTHERSPAPERSPARENTSPOSITIVE IMPACTPRE-SCHOOL EDUCATIONPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTSPRIMARY SCHOOLSPRINCIPALSPROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTQUALITY EDUCATIONREPETITIONREPETITION RATESRURAL SCHOOLSSCHOOL EDUCATIONSCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURESCHOOL PERFORMANCESCHOOL QUALITYSCHOOL UNIFORMSSCHOOLSSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSSMALL SCHOOLSSOCIAL SERVICESSTUDENT ACHIEVEMENTSTUDENT PERFORMANCETEACHERTEACHER QUALITYTEACHER TRAININGTEACHERSTEST SCORESTEXTBOOKSUNDERACHIEVEMENTURBAN AREAS PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHINGPROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING METHODCOMPENSATORY EDUCATIONTEST SCORESEDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENTREPETITION RATESFAILURESMATHEMATICS LEARNING METHODLANGUAGE LEARNINGBILINGUAL EDUCATIONINDIGENOUS POPULATIONSSTUDENT ACHIEVEMENT OUTCOMESDISADVANTAGED STUDENTSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-3334