Herforth, AnnaJones, AndrewPinstrup-Andersen, Per2013-05-282013-05-282012-11https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13571Agricultural and rural development provides a critically important opportunity for reducing malnutrition. The purpose of this paper is to provide a set of guiding principles for incorporating nutrition goals into the design and implementation of agricultural and rural development projects, and to provide examples of current best evidence options for operational investments. Several principles are likely to be important in all or most cases for nutrition-sensitive agriculture, which can be adapted to individual contexts. These include the following: 1) incorporate nutritional concerns into the design and implementation of agricultural policies, projects, and investments; 2) target nutritionally vulnerable groups; 3) invest in women; 4) increase year-round access to diverse, nutrient-dense foods; 5) protect health through water management; 6) design poverty-reduction strategies explicitly to benefit nutrition; 7) create enabling environments for good nutrition through knowledge and incentives; and 8) seek opportunities to work across sectors. To help assess which actions are most relevant for a specific situation, a set of key questions are included after each broad principle. The paper also highlights areas where agricultural investments may cause harm, and provides options for improving policy coherence. The principles underscore investments in people and systems that have the potential to transform underlying conditions and positively influence the multiple, proximal determinants of proper nutrition. Further research and evaluation priorities include tracking impact on multiple outcomes at once (such as diet, nutritional status, productivity, and income); designing studies that can attribute impact to specific approaches; and collecting information on costs and cost-effectiveness. Although there is a need to strengthen knowledge around design and implementation strategies, there is good evidence that well-planned investments are likely to reach at least targeted income and dietary outcomes. Existing knowledge around the recommended principles is sufficient to move ahead in designing nutrition-sensitive agricultural interventions.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABORTIONACCESS TO FOODACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICESACCESS TO SAVINGSACUTE MALNUTRITIONADOLESCENTSAGEDAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIESAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL GROWTHAGRICULTURAL INCOMESAGRICULTURAL INPUTSAGRICULTURAL POLICYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCERSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL RESEARCHAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIESAGRICULTURAL TRAININGAGRICULTURAL WAGESAGRICULTUREANIMAL PRODUCTIONANIMAL PRODUCTSBLINDNESSBREASTFEEDINGCAPACITY-BUILDINGCASH CROPSCHILD NUTRITIONCHRONIC FOOD INSECURITYCLEAN WATERCLIMATE CHANGECOST-EFFECTIVENESSCROP DIVERSIFICATIONCROP DIVERSITYCROP PRODUCTIONCROP ROTATIONCROP VARIETIESCROP YIELDCROPPING SYSTEMSCROPSDECISION MAKINGDEVELOPMENT PROJECTSDIABETESDIETDIETARY DIVERSITYDIETSDRINKING WATERDRY SEASONEMPLOYMENT CREATIONEMPLOYMENT FOR WOMENEXTENSIONEXTENSION AGENTSEXTENSION SERVICESEXTENSIONISTSFAMILIESFAMILY MEMBERSFARM FAMILIESFARM LABORFARM PRODUCTIONFARMERFARMER ASSOCIATIONSFARMERSFARMSFEEDFERTILIZERSFOLIC ACIDFOOD AIDFOOD AVAILABILITYFOOD BUYERSFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD CROPSFOOD INSECURITYFOOD POLICYFOOD PREPARATIONFOOD PRESERVATIONFOOD PRICEFOOD PRICESFOOD PROCESSINGFOOD PRODUCTIONFOOD PRODUCTION PROGRAMFOOD SAFETYFOOD SECURITYFOOD SUPPLYFOOD SYSTEMGENDERHEALTH CAREHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH SERVICESHOUSEHOLD CHORESHOUSEHOLD CONTROLSHOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN HEALTHHUMAN NUTRITIONHUNGERHYGIENEIMMUNIZATIONIMPACT ASSESSMENTSINCOME GAINSINCOME GENERATIONINCOME ON FOODINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIESINCOMESINFECTIOUS DISEASESINTERVENTIONIRONIRRIGATIONLAND ACQUISITIONLAND RIGHTSLAND TENURELEISURE ACTIVITIESLIVELIHOODSLIVESTOCKMALNUTRITIONMARKETINGMENTAL HEALTHMICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIESMICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCYMILKMORBIDITYMORTALITYNEW TECHNOLOGIESNUTRITIONNUTRITION EDUCATIONNUTRITION IMPROVEMENTNUTRITION NEEDSNUTRITION OUTCOMESNUTRITIONAL CONSEQUENCESNUTRITIONAL IMPROVEMENTSNUTRITIONAL STATUSOBESITYPHYSICAL ACTIVITYPOLLUTIONPOOR CHILDRENPOOR CONSUMERSPOOR FARMERSPOOR HEALTHPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR SMALLHOLDERSPOORER FAMILIESPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIESPREGNANCYPREGNANT WOMENPRESCHOOL CHILDRENPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTION SYSTEMSPUBLIC HEALTHREDUCTION OF POVERTYRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL POORRURAL POPULATIONSSAFEGUARDSSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSANITATIONSIBLINGSSMALL FARMERSSMALLHOLDER FARM FAMILIESSMALLHOLDER FARMERSSMALLHOLDER INCOMESSOCIAL EXCLUSIONSOCIAL ISOLATIONSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SUPPORTSOIL FERTILITYSOILSSTORAGE FACILITIESSUBSISTENCESWEET POTATOUNEMPLOYMENTVEGETABLE OILSVEGETABLE PRODUCTIONVEGETABLESVITAMINSVULNERABLE GROUPSVULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDSWATER AVAILABILITYWATER SOURCESWATER USEWIDESPREAD POVERTYWORKERSWorld Bank10.1596/13571