Bertho, FabienBorchert, IngoMattoo, Aaditya2014-06-252014-06-252014-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18758This paper examines how policy governing the liner shipping sector affects maritime transport costs and seaborne trade flows. The paper uses a novel data set and finds that restrictions, particularly on foreign investment, increase maritime transport costs, strongly but unevenly. The cost-inflating effect ranges from 24 to 50 percent and trade on some routes may be inhibited altogether. Distance increases maritime transport costs, but also attenuates the cost impact of policy barriers. Overall, policy restrictions may lower trade flows on specific routes by up to 46 percent and therefore deserve greater attention in national reform programs and international trade negotiations.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAD VALOREMADVERSE IMPACTAGREEMENT ON TRADEAIRALTERNATIVE MODESALTERNATIVE MODES OF TRANSPORTATIONALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT MODESANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICESAPPLIED TARIFFAVERAGE COSTSAVERAGE TARIFFAVERAGE TARIFFSAVERAGE TRADEBILATERAL TRADEBILATERAL TRADE BARRIERSBORDER TRADEBULK CARRIERSCARGOCARGO HANDLINGCARGOESCARRIERSCIFCOMMODITYCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITION LAWCOMPETITION POLICYCOMPETITION RULESCONNECTIVITYCONNECTIVITY INDEXCONSUMERSCONTAINERIZATIONCOSTS OF TRANSPORTCOUNTRY FIXED EFFECTSCOUNTRY OF ORIGINCUSTOMSCUSTOMS VALUEDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT POLICYDOMESTIC COMPETITIONDRIVERSECONOMETRICSECONOMIC COOPERATIONECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC RELATIONSECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMIES OF SCALEEFFICIENT TRANSPORTELASTICITIESELASTICITYELASTICITY OF TRADEEXPECTED VALUEEXPORTERSEXPORTSFACTOR ANALYSISFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN FIRMSFOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN OWNERSHIPFOREIGN SUPPLIERSFOREIGN TRADEFREE TRANSFERFREIGHTFREIGHT COSTSFREIGHT RATESFUELGLOBAL MARKETSGLOBAL TRADEGLOBAL TRADE ANALYSISGLOBALIZATIONGRAVITY EQUATIONGRAVITY FRAMEWORKGRAVITY MODELGRAVITY VARIABLESHARMONIZED SYSTEMIMPACT OF TRANSPORTIMPACT OF TRANSPORT COSTSIMPORT DUTIESIMPORT VALUEINCOMEINCOME GROUPINDUSTRIAL COUNTRIESINLAND TRANSPORTINSURANCEINTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTINVESTMENT BARRIERSINVESTMENT RESTRICTIONSJOINT VENTUREJOURNEYJOURNEYSLIBERALIZATIONLIBERALIZATION OF TRADELINER SHIPPINGLINER SHIPPING PRICESLOCAL TRANSPORTATIONLONGER DISTANCESMARGINAL COSTMARGINAL COSTSMARGINAL EFFECTSMARITIME SHIPPINGMARITIME TRANSPORTMARKET ENTRYMARKET INTEGRATIONMARKET REGULATIONMARKET SHAREMARKET STRUCTUREMULTILATERAL TRADENUMERICAL VALUEOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCYOUTPUTPORT OF ENTRYPREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTSPREFERENTIAL TRADEPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTPRIVATE ENTITYPUBLIC POLICYQUALITY OF TRANSPORTREFORM PROGRAMSREGIONAL TRADEREGULATORREGULATORY BODYREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTREGULATORY REGIMESROADROAD TRANSPORTROUTEROUTESSHIPPING COMPANIESSHIPPING CONFERENCESSHIPPING COSTSSPECIALIZATIONSURFACE TRANSPORTTARIFF RATESTELECOMMUNICATIONSTERMINAL FEESTERMS OF TRADETONNAGETRADE BARRIERSTRADE COSTSTRADE FLOWSTRADE NEGOTIATIONSTRADE PARTNERSTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADE RESTRICTIONSTRAMP SHIPPINGTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT FACILITIESTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT MODETRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICETRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORTATION COSTSTRANSPORTATION PLANNINGTRANSPORTATION SERVICESTRUEURUGUAY ROUNDVALUE OF IMPORTSVALUE OF TRADEVESSELSVOLUME OF TRADEWORLD ECONOMYWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTO10.1596/1813-9450-6921