Asaduzzaman, MohammadBarnes, Douglas F.Khandker, Shahidur R.2012-03-192012-04-042012-03-192012-04-042010-03-01978-0-8213-7897-7https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2428https://hdl.handle.net/10986/5943Bangladesh is one of the world's poorest countries. Nearly 80 percent of the nation's 140 million people reside in rural areas; of these, 20 percent live in extreme poverty. Geographically, many low-lying areas are vulnerable to severe flooding, while other regions are prone to drought, erosion, and soil salinity. Such an unfavorable agricultural landscape, combined with mismanagement of natural resources and increasing population pressure, is pushing many of the rural poor to the brink. Because Bangladesh is such a poor country, it also is one of the world's lowest energy producers. Total annual energy supply is only about 150 liters of oil equivalent per capita (International Energy Agency, or IEA 2003); in rural areas, conditions are even worse. Compared to other developing countries, Bangladesh uses little modern energy. Despite its successful rural electrification program, close to two-thirds of households remain without electricity and, with the exception of kerosene, commercial fuels are beyond reach for many. Moreover, biomass fuels are becoming increasingly scarce. Collected mainly from the local environment as recently as two decades ago, bio-fuels are fast becoming a marketed commodity as access to local biomass continues to shrink. This study, the first to concentrate on Bangladesh's energy systems and their effects on the lives of rural people, drew on these background studies, as well as other World Bank-financed research on indoor air pollution (IAP) and rural infrastructure, to present a rural energy strategy for the country. Much of this study's analytical underpinning was based on several background studies. This study also reanalyzed data from earlier research to better understand the benefits of modern energy use for rural households, farm activities, and small businesses.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESS TO ENERGYACCESS TO GRIDACCESS TO GRID ELECTRICITYACCESS TO MODERN ENERGYAGRICULTURAL RESIDUEAGRICULTURAL RESIDUESAIRAIR POLLUTIONANIMAL DUNGANNUAL ENERGY USEAPPROACHAVAILABILITYBAGASSEBALANCEBATTERIESBIO-GASBIOFUELSBIOGASBIOGAS TECHNOLOGYBIOMASSBIOMASS BURNINGBIOMASS COLLECTIONBIOMASS DEMANDBIOMASS ENERGIESBIOMASS ENERGYBIOMASS FUELSBIOMASS SOURCEBIOMASS STOVESBITUMINOUS COALCHARCOALCLAY STOVECLAY STOVESCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOLORSCOMBUSTIONCOMMERCIAL ENERGYCOMMERCIAL FUELSCONNECTED HOUSEHOLDSCONSUMER DEMANDCOST OF SERVICECOW DUNGCROPCROP RESIDUECROP RESIDUESDEMAND CURVEDEMAND FOR ENERGYDIESELDIESEL ENGINESDIESEL POWERDIESEL USEDISTRIBUTION OF ENERGYDOMESTIC GASDROUGHTEFFICIENT ENERGY USEEFFICIENT USEEFFICIENT USE OF BIOMASSEFFICIENT USE OF ENERGYELECTRIC APPLIANCESELECTRIC LIGHTINGELECTRIC LIGHTSELECTRIC POWERELECTRICITYELECTRICITY COMPANIESELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONELECTRICITY DEMANDELECTRICITY GRIDELECTRICITY PRICINGELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY USEEND-USEEND-USE EFFICIENCYENERGY ACCESSENERGY BALANCEENERGY COMPONENTENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY CONVERSIONENERGY COSTSENERGY DEMANDENERGY DEVELOPMENTENERGY EFFICIENCIESENERGY EXPENDITUREENERGY EXPENDITURESENERGY MARKETSENERGY NEEDSENERGY OUTPUTENERGY POLICIESENERGY POLICYENERGY PRICESENERGY PRICINGENERGY PRODUCERSENERGY PROJECTSENERGY SECTORENERGY SERVICESENERGY SOURCEENERGY SOURCESENERGY STRATEGYENERGY SUPPLIESENERGY SUPPLYENERGY SYSTEMSENERGY TECHNOLOGIESENERGY USEENERGY USESENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHFORESTFOREST COVERFOREST LANDSFOREST PATCHESFOREST RESOURCESFOREST TREEFORESTRYFORESTSFUELFUEL COLLECTIONFUEL SOURCEFUEL SUBSTITUTIONFUEL TYPESFUELSGASGAS FIELDSGAS SECTORGENERATIONGRID CONNECTIONGRID ELECTRICITYGRID ELECTRIFICATIONGRID SYSTEMGRID SYSTEMSHEALTH RISKSHEATHEATING ENERGYHEAVY RELIANCEHOUSEHOLD COOKINGHOUSEHOLD ELECTRIFICATIONHOUSEHOLD ENERGYHOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD ENERGY USEHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD LIGHTINGHYDROCARBONSINCOMEINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYKEROSENEKEROSENE LAMPSKEROSENE LANTERNKEROSENE USEKILOWATT-HOURLAND OWNERSHIPLIQUEFIED NATURAL GASLIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASLNGLOAD SHEDDINGMETHANEMICRO-GRIDSMINERAL RESOURCESMODERN FUELSMOISTURE CONTENTNATIONAL ENERGY POLICYNATIONAL GRIDNATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCESOILOIL EQUIVALENTPARTICLESPER CAPITA INCOMEPETROLEUMPETROLEUM GASPM10POLLUTIONPOWERPOWER GRIDPOWER RATINGPOWER SECTORPRICE OF ELECTRICITYPROCESS HEATQUANTITATIVE ANALYSISRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTRENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIESRURAL AREASRURAL CONSUMERSRURAL ELECTRICRURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVESRURAL ELECTRICITYRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONRURAL ELECTRIFICATION PROGRAMRURAL ENERGYRURAL ENERGY DEMANDRURAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENTRURAL ENERGY MARKETSRURAL ENERGY SOLUTIONSRURAL ENERGY SUPPLYRURAL ENERGY USERURAL HOUSEHOLDRURAL HOUSEHOLDSSMOKESOLAR HOMESOLAR HOME SYSTEMSSOURCE OF ELECTRICITYSPACE COOLINGSPACE HEATINGSUGARSUGAR CANESUSTAINABLE ENERGYSUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTTRADITIONAL BIOMASSTRADITIONAL STOVESURBAN POPULATIONUSE OF BIOMASSUSE OF BIOMASS ENERGYVILLAGE ENTERPRISESWASTEWOODWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7897-7