Pagiola, StefanoMartin-Hurtado, RobertoShyamsundar, PriyaMani, MuthukumaraSilva, Patricia2013-08-202013-08-2020020-8213-5384-5https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15206The paper discusses how developing countries can generate some of the resources they need for sustainable development. Developing country government already spend significant amounts of resources on a variety of activities, but the evidence suggests that sometimes, there is substantial scope for them to generate additional resources, and most importantly perhaps, to free substantial amounts of resources which are currently being used inefficiently. The paper attempts at setting the scope on the magnitude of resources that might be generated, or freed by a variety of public sector actions. It begins by examining the potential to reform existing policies which are not only costly, but often unsustainable, and environmentally damaging. Then, it reviews means for generating new financial flows, capturing greater share of rents from natural resources, and instituting "green" levies. Lessons suggest as a potential source of additional revenues, the reform of subsidies, making sub-sectors financially sustainable, reforms which in turn reduce environmental damage, but considering reform policies that would not inadvertently harm the poor. This requires political will, good governance, capacity building, and investment.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOENVIRONMENTALLY DAMAGING SUBSIDIESENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTPUBLIC RESOURCESPUBLIC SPENDINGREVENUE MOBILIZATIONINCENTIVESREFORM POLICYFINANCIAL FLOWSNATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTSHARED NATURAL RESOURCESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOLITICAL POWERGOVERNANCE APPROACHCAPACITY BUILDINGINVESTMENT POLICY AGRICULTUREBENCHMARKBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONCAPACITY BUILDINGCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECARBON TAXESCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLEAN WATERCOALCOALCOAL PRICESCONSUMERSCONTINGENT VALUATIONCONTINGENT VALUATION METHODDEBTDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCEEARTH SUMMITECOLOGYELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY SECTOREND-USEENERGY PRODUCERSENERGY RESOURCESENERGY USEENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATIONENVIRONMENTAL COSTSENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGEENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURESENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL TAXESEXCHANGE RATEFOREST MANAGEMENTFORESTRYFOSSIL FUELSFUELFUEL OILGAS INDUSTRIESGDPGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEAVY FUEL OILIMPLICIT SUBSIDIESINCENTIVE EFFECTSINCOMEINEFFICIENCYINPUT USEINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYLEVIESLICENSESLOW TARIFFSMARGINAL COSTMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTENATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCESOILOILOIL SECTOROPPORTUNITY COSTPETROLEUM GASPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLLUTIONPRICE ELASTICITYPRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMANDPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCERSPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC UTILITIESREFORM PROGRAMSRESOURCE USEROAD TRANSPORTSAVINGSSECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLYSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSULPHUR DIOXIDESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTAXTAX REVENUESTAXATIONTIMBERTRAVEL COST METHODUTILITIESVALUE ADDEDWASTE MANAGEMENTWATER PRICESWELFARE ECONOMICSWELFARE LOSSESWILLINGNESS TO PAYWORLD ENERGYWTPWorld Bank10.1596/0-8213-5384-5