Langenbrunner, John C.Cashin, CherylO’Dougherty, SheilaLangenbrunner, John C.Cashin, CherylO’Dougherty, Sheila2013-06-052013-06-052009978-0-8213-7815-1https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13806This volume grows out of an initiative in the World Bank on resource allocation and purchasing ('RAP'), which started in 2000, and continues to publish articles and books related to strategic purchasing. The initiative emerged from such questions in developing economies as: why do individuals need help in purchasing health services from providers? Is the 'middleman' really necessary? Can people not just buy health services in the same way they would go to the local market to buy bread, milk, or fruit, especially since, throughout most of history that is what most people did? When sick, they contacted local healers directly. Public policy historically was limited largely to protecting the sick against charlatans and was enforced through ethical codes such as the Hippocratic Oath. There was no expensive technology, and most serious conditions led to death. Loss of employment and burial costs were the most expensive parts of illness. With industrialization and the scientific revolution, all this changed. As understanding about the causes, prevention, and treatment of illness expanded, interventions become more complex and expensive. Health care was no longer the exclusive domain of traditional healers. Partly because of the complexities involved, the World Bank's new health, nutrition, and population strategy has noted that 'countries increasingly not only want to know what to do (with health systems) but also how to do it, particularly how to design and manage the transition from current to reformed systems.' This volume is a step in that direction, to help countries design, manage, and implement reforms related to strategic purchasing with an emphasis on changing their provider payment systems.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOaccountability mechanismsAccountingadministrative costsaggregate costsallergiesallocation of fundsallocative efficiencyautomated teller machinesbasic health carebedsbudget capCapitationCapitation Feecapitation paymentCapitation PaymentsClaimclinical outcomesclinicscollection of revenuesconflicts of interestCost per Casecost reductionscost sharingCost shiftingcosts of caredegree of competitiondirect patientDirect paymentdoctorsemploymentequilibriumequity in accessEssential health careexpendituresfamiliesFee for servicefee schedulefee schedulesFee-for-Servicefee-for-service methodfee-for-service methodsfee-for-service paymentfinancial incentivesFinancial managementfinancial protectionfinancial riskfinancial transactionsFixed budgetsfracturesglobal budgetsHard budgetHealth Carehealth care financingHealth Care MarketsHealth Care Per CapitaHealth Care Providerhealth care providershealth care ResearchHealth Care Resourceshealth care serviceshealth care systemhealth care systemsHealth DeliveryHealth Delivery Systemhealth expenditurehealth financinghealth financing reformHealth informationHealth information systemHealth InsuranceHealth Insurance FundHealth Insurance Schemeshealth interventionsHealth Managementhealth needsHealth OrganizationHealth Planninghealth plansHealth PolicyHealth Programshealth promotionhealth providersHealth Purchaserhealth purchasersHealth ReformHealth Reformshealth sectorHealth Servicehealth serviceshealth statusHealth Systemhealth system performancehealth systemshealth workershome carehospital admissionshospital budgetshospital carehospital costsHospital Dischargehospital sectorhospital servicesHospitalizationHospitalsillnessIncentives for providersincomeincome countriesindirect costsInformaticsinformation asymmetryInformation Systemsinpatient careinsurance systemsinsurersjudgementlevel of paymentlow incomemanaged caremarket incentivesMedical economicsMedical feesMedicaremedicinesmoral hazardmultiple purchasersNational HealthNational Health Servicenegotiationnursesnursingnursing home careNutritionoutpatient careoutpatient servicesOverrunsPatientpatient costPatient informationpatient outcomespatientspayment arrangementsPayment SystemPayment SystemspharmacistsphysicianPhysiciansprimary carePrimary Health CarePrivate Finance Initiativeprivate insurersprivate sectorsProvider Paymentproviders of health careprovision of servicespublic fundspublic healthpublic hospitalspublic sectorrecurrent costsrehabilitationrehabilitation servicesreimbursement ratesRisk Adjustmentrisk factorsrisk sharingsalariesSalarysocial securitysurgerytransition economiesworkersWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7815-1