World Bank2025-09-022025-09-022025-06-30https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43649The global challenge of water scarcity is intensified by factors such as population growth, rainfall variability, and water stress, with climate change further affecting the water cycle and impacting food, energy, urban, and environmental systems. In response, there is a global increase in investments in desalination and water reclamation infrastructure. Countries adopting unconventional water resources may need to adapt their institutional structures and management models, potentially involving the private sector. The World Bank has developed a knowledge series comprising five volumes to assist sector authorities in sustainably mainstreaming unconventional water sources. These volumes focus on the following areas: 1) Policies and Regulations, 2) Sector-Level Governance Models, 3) Economic Appraisal, 4) Finance and Delivery Models, and 5) Management Models to Serve Remote Poor Areas.en-USCC BY-NC 3.0 IGOWATER SCARCITYWATER SUPPLYWATER REUSEDESALINATIONFISCAL POLICIESReportWorld Bankhttps://doi.org/10.1596/43649