Milanovic, Branko2013-01-042013-01-042012-11https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12117The paper presents an overview of calculations of global inequality, recently and over the long-run as well as main controversies and political and philosophical implications of the findings. It focuses in particular on the winners and losers of the most recent episode of globalization, from 1988 to 2008. It suggests that the period might have witnessed the first decline in global inequality between world citizens since the Industrial Revolution. The decline however can be sustained only if countries' mean incomes continue to converge (as they have been doing during the past ten years) and if internal (within-country) inequalities, which are already high, are kept in check. Mean-income convergence would also reduce the huge "citizenship premium" that is enjoyed today by the citizens of rich countries.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE POVERTYAVERAGE INCOMEAVERAGE INCOMESBOTTOM LINECONCEPTS OF INEQUALITYCONFLICTCUMULATIVE INCOMECUMULATIVE POPULATIONDEPENDENT VARIABLEDIFFERENCES IN INCOMEDISTRIBUTION OF INCOMEDOWNWARD BIASECONOMIC REVIEWEXPLANATORY VARIABLEFINANCIAL CRISISGDPGINI COEFFICIENTGINI COEFFICIENTSGINI INDEXGLOBAL INCOME INEQUALITYGLOBAL INEQUALITYGROWTH RATESHIGH GROWTHHIGH INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSINCOMEINCOME CONVERGENCEINCOME COUNTRYINCOME DATAINCOME DIFFERENCESINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME DISTRIBUTIONSINCOME GAINSINCOME GAPSINCOME GROUPSINCOME GROWTHINCOME INCREASEINCOME INEQUALITIESINCOME INEQUALITYINCOME LEVELINCOME LEVELSINDIVIDUAL INCOMESINEQUALITY CONCEPTINEQUALITY ESTIMATESINEQUALITY INDEXLORENZ CURVELORENZ CURVESMARKET ECONOMIESMEAN INCOMEMEAN INCOMESMEAN LOG DEVIATIONMEASURE OF INEQUALITYMEASURED INEQUALITYMEASURING POVERTYMEDIAN INCOMEMIDDLE CLASSNATIONAL INCOMENATIONAL SURVEYSPENSIONSPER CAPITA INCOMEPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL COMMUNITYPOORPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR COUNTRYPOOR PEOPLEPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY THRESHOLDPOWER PARITYPURCHASING POWERREAL INCOMEREAL INCOMESTOTAL INEQUALITYWARWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6259