Asian Development BankWorld Bank2014-04-112014-04-112013-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17750The Economics of Sanitation Initiative (ESI) of the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) commenced in East Asia and the Pacific region in 2006 to generate and disseminate economic evidence on sanitation. A phase one study in five countries of the region, including Indonesia, assessed the economic costs of inadequate sanitation to raise the profile of sanitation nationally. A phase two study compared the costs with the benefits of a range of sanitation intervention options in five physical locations in Indonesia, to assist decision makers in their choice of sanitation technology and delivery method. Since the demonstrated successes of ESI in the East Asia and Pacific region, ESI has become a global flagship program of WSP. However, some economic benefits have not been fully evaluated in monetary terms because of methodological difficulties in valuing nonmarket impacts, the paucity of underlying data sets, and the difficulties inherent in attributing observed impacts to poor sanitation. Among these hard-to-measure benefits are the impacts of poor sanitation on water resources. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop and pilot test a specific methodology for valuing a wider range of impacts related to water resource pollution in Indonesia.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL POLLUTIONAGRICULTURAL WATERALGAL BLOOMSAQUACULTUREAQUIFERSBASIC SANITATIONBIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMANDBIODEGRADATIONBIOGASBODCATCHMENTCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMANDCLEAN WATERCODCOLIFORMSCOLLECTION SYSTEMSCOMPOSTCOMPOSTINGCONSTRUCTIONCONTAMINATED WATERCOST OF WATERCOST SAVINGSCROP PRODUCTIONCUBIC METERCUBIC METERSDECISION MAKERSDISSOLVED OXYGENDOMESTIC SEWAGEDOMESTIC WASTEWATERDOMESTIC WATERDOMESTIC WATER DEMANDDRINKING WATERDRINKING WATER REGULATIONEFFLUENT CONCENTRATIONELECTRICITYENGINEERING GROUPENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYEUTROPHICATIONEXCRETAFECAL COLIFORMFISH FARMINGFLOOD DAMAGESFLOOD MANAGEMENTFLOOD RISKFLUORIDEFLUSH TOILETSGASGREASEGROUNDWATERGROUNDWATER ABSTRACTIONGROUNDWATER SOURCESGROUNDWATER USEHEATHEAVY METALSHIGH LEVELSHOUSEHOLDSHYDRAULICSINDUSTRIAL DISCHARGESINDUSTRIAL SOURCESINDUSTRIAL USERSINDUSTRIAL USESINDUSTRIAL WASTEINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENTINDUSTRIAL WATERINDUSTRIAL WATER USEINLAND FISHERIESINVESTMENT COSTINVESTMENT COSTSINVESTMENT PLANNINGINVESTMENT PROJECTIRONIRRIGATIONLAKESLANDFILL COSTSLARGE RESERVOIRSLEACHATELEACHATE TREATMENTLOCAL COMMUNITIESMAINTENANCE COSTSMANGANESEMANUREMERCURYMETHANEMSWMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTEMUNICIPAL USEMUNICIPAL WASTEWATERMUNICIPAL WATERNUTRIENT CONTENTNUTRIENT LOADSNUTRIENTSOPEN DEFECATIONOPERATIONAL COSTSOPERATIONAL EXPENDITUREORGANIC WASTESOXYGEN DEMANDPATHOGENSPESTICIDESPHPIPED WATERPIT LATRINESPLASTICSPONDPOND SYSTEMSPOOR WATER QUALITYPOPULATION DENSITYPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC WORKSPUMPINGQUALITY STANDARDSQUALITY WATERRECEIVING WATERSRECYCLED WATERRECYCLINGRESOURCE RECOVERYRIVER BASINRIVER BASINSRIVER POLLUTIONRIVER WATERRIVERSRIVERSIDE COMMUNITIESSAFE WATERSANITARY LANDFILLSSANITATIONSANITATION DEVELOPMENTSANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION INTERVENTIONSSANITATION SYSTEMSSANITATION TECHNOLOGYSEDIMENTATIONSEPTIC TANKSEPTIC TANKSSEWAGESEWER SYSTEMSEWER SYSTEMSSEWERAGESEWERAGE SYSTEMSSLUDGESLUDGE TREATMENTSMALL TOWNSOLID WASTESOLID WASTE COLLECTIONSOLID WASTE DISPOSALSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSOLID WASTE PROCESSINGSURFACE WATERSURFACE WATER BODIESSURFACE WATER QUALITYSUSPENDED SOLIDSTEXTILE INDUSTRYTOILET FACILITYTOWNTREATED WASTEWATERTREATING WASTEWATERURBAN AREAURBAN AREASURBAN SANITATIONURBAN WATERWASHINGWASTE MANAGEMENTWASTE REUSEWASTEWATERWASTEWATER MANAGEMENTWASTEWATER POLLUTIONWASTEWATER REUSEWASTEWATER SYSTEMWASTEWATER TREATMENTWASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTWASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTSWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMWASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMSWASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIESWATER BALANCEWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER DEMANDWATER DISTRICTWATER DISTRICTSWATER POLLUTIONWATER PRODUCTIONWATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENTWATER RESEARCHWATER RESOURCEWATER RESOURCESWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTWATER SOURCEWATER SUPPLIESWATER SUPPLYWATER SYSTEMWATER USERSWELLS10.1596/17750