International Finance Corporation2015-02-262015-02-262010https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21551The main objective of this toolkit is to provide technical advice and guidance to World Bank Group staff, donor institutions, government officials and other practitioners on the implementation of secured transactions law and institutional reforms in emerging market countries. However, the Toolkit has not been designed to eliminate the need for in-person expert advice for governments that undertake to introduce a secured transactions system. It is necessary to take into account the factors that are unique to each jurisdiction. The content of the Toolkit will guide the reader through the various stages of the project cycle (identification, diagnostic, solution design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation) involved in the introduction of secured transactions reforms. The recommendations presented in the Toolkit are based on IFC s experience in the secured transactions area, the contributions of a number of experts in this field, existing literature, and reform experience in a number of emerging market countries and the existing best practices in jurisdictions with advanced secured transactions systems. While the Toolkit does not cover all aspects of secured transactions reform, it addresses the most important elements of such reform. The Toolkit does not address secured financing systems involving immovable property as collateral. Chapter one contains a brief discussion of the economic rationale for modern secured transactions systems. Chapter two describes the main elements that a proper diagnostic study of the state of secured transactions in a country should contain. Chapter three provides an overview of project management techniques required to support the full project cycle. One of the most important parts of the Toolkit, chapter four, which deals with the implementation of the reform, includes sections on building consensus for the reform, developing and enacting the necessary laws and regulations, designing and implementing a secured transactions registry, building local awareness and conducting secured transactions training. Chapter five of the Toolkit elaborates in detail the monitoring and evaluation strategy that should be employed following the implementation of the project to assess the effect and impact of reforms. Finally, the toolkit contains a number of annexes that include tools available to develop the different phases of the project as well as technical information.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCESS TO LOANSACCOUNTS RECEIVABLEAMOUNT OF CREDITASSET CLASSESAUCTIONAUCTIONSBAILIFFSBALANCE SHEETBANK CREDITBANK LENDINGBANK LIQUIDITYBANK LOANBANK LOANSBANKING CRISISBANKING PRACTICESBANKING REGULATIONSBANKING SECTORBANKING SYSTEMBANKRUPTCYBANKRUPTCY LAWBANKRUPTCY LAWSBENEFICIARIESBORROWERBUDGETINGCADASTRECAPITAL MARKETSCAPITAL STOCKCAPITALIZATIONCASH FLOWCASH FLOWSCENTRAL BANKCENTRAL BANKSCIVIL CODECIVIL LAWCOLLATERALCOLLATERAL AGREEMENTCOLLATERAL AGREEMENTSCOLLATERAL LAWCOLLATERAL LAWSCOLLATERAL REGISTRIESCOLLATERAL REGISTRYCOLLATERAL REQUIREMENTSCOLLECTION PROCESSCOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMMERCIAL CODECOMMERCIAL CREDITCOMMERCIAL LAWCOMMON LAWCOMPETITIVE MARKETSCONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSCORPORATE GOVERNANCECREDIT BUREAUCREDIT BUREAUSCREDIT DECISIONCREDIT DECISIONSCREDIT INFORMATIONCREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEMCREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEMSCREDIT LINECREDIT MARKETCREDIT MARKETSCREDIT POLICIESCREDIT PROGRAMSCREDIT REPORTINGCREDIT RISKCREDIT SCORINGCREDIT SYSTEMSCREDITORCREDITORSDEBT SERVICEDEBTORDEBTORSDEBTSDECENTRALIZATIONDEFAULTSDEPOSITDEPOSIT ACCOUNTSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT BANKDURABLEDURABLE GOODSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTEMERGING MARKETEMERGING MARKET COUNTRIESEMERGING MARKETSENFORCEMENT PROCEDURESEQUIPMENTFACE VALUEFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTUREFINANCIAL INSTABILITYFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL MARKETFINANCIAL RISKSFINANCIAL STABILITYFINANCIAL STATEMENTSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCIAL SYSTEMFINANCIAL SYSTEMSFORECLOSUREFOREIGN BANKSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHUMAN RESOURCESIMMOVABLE ASSETSIMMOVABLE PROPERTYINDIVIDUAL LOANSINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSURANCEINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL BANKSINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CRISESINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMINTERNATIONAL INTERESTSINTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVENTORIESINVENTORYINVENTORY COLLATERALINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT INSTRUMENTSJUDICIAL SYSTEMLEGAL ENVIRONMENTLEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGAL PROVISIONSLEGAL REFORMLEGAL REFORMSLEGAL RIGHTSLEGAL SYSTEMLEGAL SYSTEMSLEGAL TRADITIONLEGAL TRADITIONSLENDERLENDERSLENDING DECISIONLENDING DECISIONSLEVEL OF RISKLIENSLINE OF CREDITLIQUID ASSETSLIQUIDATIONLIQUIDITYLOANLOAN AGREEMENTSLOAN DEFAULTLOCAL BANKSLOCAL CAPACITYLOCAL CURRENCYMACROECONOMIC POLICIESMARKET INFRASTRUCTUREMARKET VALUEMICROFINANCEMICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONSMORTGAGEMORTGAGESMOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRYMOVABLE ASSETMOVABLE ASSETSMOVABLE COLLATERALMOVABLE PROPERTYMOVABLE PROPERTY AS COLLATERALNATIONAL BANKNATIONAL DEBTNON-PERFORMING LOANSNOTARIESNOTARYORIGINAL ASSETSPAYMENT SYSTEMSPERSONAL GUARANTEESPERSONAL PROPERTYPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLITICAL RISKSPORTFOLIOSPRIVATE CREDITPRIVATE SALEPRIVATE SECTOR BANKSPRIVATE SECTOR CREDITPROPERTY AS COLLATERALPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC REGISTRIESPUBLIC REGISTRYREAL ESTATE AS COLLATERALREAL ESTATE COLLATERALREGISTRATION PROCESSREGISTRY REFORMSREGISTRY SYSTEMSREGULATORY AUTHORITYREMITTANCESREPAYMENTREPAYMENT HISTORYREPAYMENT PERIODSRESERVERESERVE REQUIREMENTSRETENTION OF TITLERISK EVALUATIONRISK MANAGEMENTSECONDARY MARKETSECURITY AGREEMENTSSECURITY INTERESTSECURITY INTERESTSSEIZURESEIZURE OF COLLATERALSHAREHOLDERSTAXTELECOMMUNICATIONSTRANSACTIONTRANSACTIONS LAWTRANSACTIONS LAWSTRANSACTIONS SYSTEMTRANSACTIONS SYSTEMSTURNOVERUNSECURED LOANSUSE OF COLLATERALVALUABLE ASSETSVEHICLE REGISTRYWAREHOUSESWORKING CAPITAL10.1596/21551