World Bank2013-03-242013-03-242010-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12877This paper describes the study undertaken to assist the government of Sri Lanka in identifying a path toward sustainable power development. The timing of the report is important, as Sri Lanka is about to embark on the development of coal-fired power plants over the coming years. The purpose of this study is to determine how much cheaper coal-fired generation is than other energy sources; how much more environmentally friendly are the alternatives; what impacts would be more environmentally friendly; and what effect would the policies have on power sector costs and electricity tariffs. The report seeks to provide a quantitative analysis that will help decision-makers assess various power sector policy options in terms of the trade-offs between environment, costs, and other impacts. The study makes recommendations only if options are unambiguously winwin; but more often than not, tradeoffs are required, and ultimately the government must decide what it considers to be more important. A number of alternative policies and technologies were systematically analysed, and the report gives a brief description of each option.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACIDACID DEPOSITIONACIDIFICATIONAIR EMISSIONSAIR POLLUTANTSAIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY REGULATIONSALTERNATIVE POLICIESAMBIENT AIRAMBIENT AIR QUALITYAMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDSAMBIENT TEMPERATUREAPPROACHASHAVAILABILITYBALANCEBED COMBUSTIONBED COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIESBENEFIT COST ANALYSISBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITYBIOMASSCALCULATIONCAPACITY FACTORCAPACITY SHORTAGESCAPITAL COSTSCARBONCARBON ACCOUNTINGCARBON CREDITSCARBON MARKETCARBON MARKETSCARBON PRICECLEAN COALCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECO2COALCOAL GENERATIONCOAL PLANTCOAL PLANTSCOAL PRICECOAL PRICESCOAL TECHNOLOGIESCOAL UNITSCOMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION TURBINECOMBUSTION TURBINESCONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTSCOST ESTIMATESCRUDE OILCRUDE OIL PRICEDEFORESTATIONDEMAND FOR ELECTRICITYDEMAND FORECASTDEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENTDIESELDISCOUNT RATEDISPOSABLE INCOMEECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC COSTSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECOSYSTEMELASTICITIESELECTRICITYELECTRICITY DEMANDELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY PRICEELECTRICITY PRICESELECTRICITY SALESELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY SYSTEMELECTRICITY TARIFFSELECTRIFICATIONELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORSEMISSIONEMISSION CONTROLEMISSION FACTORSEMISSION LEVELSEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REGULATIONSEMISSION STANDARDEMISSION STANDARDSEMISSION STANDARDS FOR COALEMISSIONSEMISSIONS FROM COALEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEENERGY DEMANDENERGY GENERATIONENERGY MIXENERGY OUTLOOKENERGY POLICYENERGY SOURCESENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTSENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCESENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDSENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONSENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCESENVIRONMENTAL VALUESESPEXPENDITURESEXTERNALITIESFLUE GASFOREST COVERFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUELSFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFUELFUEL COSTFUEL COSTSFUEL OILFUEL PRICEFUEL PRICESFUEL SUBSTITUTIONFUELSGASGAS COMBUSTIONGAS IMPORTSGAS PRICESGAS TURBINEGASIFICATIONGHGGLOBAL CARBON MARKETGLOBAL WARMINGGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGROSS NATIONAL PRODUCTHEATHEAT RATESHEAVY FUEL OILHEAVY OILHIGHER ENERGY PRICESHYDROELECTRIC POTENTIALHYDROLOGYHYDROPOWERHYDROPOWER GENERATIONINCANDESCENT BULBSINDUSTRIAL POLLUTIONINDUSTRIAL WASTEIPCCLIQUEFIED NATURAL GASLIQUID PETROLEUM GASLNGLOAD FACTORLOAD SHEDDINGLOSS OF FORESTMARKET PRICESMETHANENATIONAL GRIDNATURAL GASNEGATIVE IMPACTNITROGENNOXNUCLEAR FUELOIL IMPORTSOIL PRICEOIL PRICE SCENARIOOIL PRICESOIL PRODUCTSOPPORTUNITY COSTSOZONEPARTICLESPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPARTICULATESPEAK DEMANDPEAK DEMAND PERIODSPETROLEUMPETROLEUM COKEPETROLEUM GASPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPIPELINEPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY SCENARIOSPOLLUTIONPOPULATION DENSITIESPOWERPOWER BLOCKPOWER CORPORATIONPOWER GENERATIONPOWER GENERATION CAPACITYPOWER GENERATION SYSTEMPOWER PLANTPOWER PLANT SITEPOWER PLANTSPOWER PRODUCERPOWER SECTORPOWER STATIONPOWER STATIONSPOWER SYSTEMPOWER SYSTEM PLANNINGPRESENT VALUEPRICE ELASTICITYPRICE SPIKESPRICE SUBSIDIESPUBLIC UTILITIESQUANTITATIVE ANALYSISREDUCING EMISSIONSRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATIONRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGYRENEWABLE SOURCESRESIDUAL OILRESOURCE MANAGEMENTSHADOW PRICESSMALL HYDROPOWERSMALL POWER PRODUCERSSO2SOXSPOT MARKETSPOT PRICESTACK HEIGHTSULPHURSULPHUR CONTENTTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER PLANTSTIMBERTRADEOFFSVARIABLE COSTSWASTE DISPOSALWINDWorld Bank10.1596/12877