World Bank2023-12-182023-12-182023-12-18https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40749Interactions between natural, socioeconomic and political threats can lead to compound crises where the cumulative impacts are far larger than the sum of individual threats. The Horn of Africa is especially prone to compound crises. Many governments across the Horn of Africa, and elsewhere, struggle to address the drivers of compound risk. To address key knowledge gaps related to compound risk, this report documents findings from a retrospective analysis of two compound crises in the Horn of Africa.enCC BY-NC 3.0 IGOINSTITUTIONAL FRAGILITYSOCIO-ECONOMIC VULNERABILITYFOOD INSECURITYCOMPOUND CRISESCOMPOUNT RISK KNOWLEDGE GAPFRAGILE STATESIVM INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIESWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/40749