World Bank2014-05-302014-05-302010-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18425The Institute of Comprehensive Transport (NDRC) and the World Bank jointly carried out a study of urban rail development in China. The joint study team visited several selected cities that have developed or are developing urban rail systems, including Beijing, Chongqing, Wuhan, Changsha, Hangzhou, and Zhengzhou, and held discussions with relevant agencies at the central and local levels. This paper summarizes the key findings. It highlights the positive outlook for urban rail development in China and the strengths of China's circumstances and institutions in responding to that outlook. It also identifies the key areas where strengthening of institutions and processes of urban rail planning would enhance the contribution of urban railways to sustainable urban development and improve value for money from specific urban rail investments. It makes seven recommendations aimed at such strengthening. The study is intended to contribute both to urban rail policy and planning in China's cities and also to help the World Bank target its institutional support in this important sub-sector of China's transport system.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO CARSAIRAIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY STRATEGYAIRPORTBANKSBUSBUS DEMANDBUS FARESBUS OPERATIONSBUS OPERATORSBUS PASSENGERBUS PASSENGERSBUS PRIORITIESBUS SERVICESBUS SYSTEMBUS SYSTEMSBUSESCARCAR USECAR-OWNING HOUSEHOLDSCARSCHECKINGCITY MASTER PLANCITY SIZECITY TRANSPORTCIVIL ENGINEERSCOMPETITIVE BIDDINGCONGESTIONCONGESTION PRICINGCONVENTIONAL BUSCROSSINGDATA COLLECTIONDEBTDECISION-MAKINGDRIVERSDRIVINGECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIES OF SCALEEFFICIENT TRANSPORTEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSIONSEXTERNALITIESFARE AFFORDABILITYFARE COLLECTIONFARESFINANCIAL BURDENFINANCIAL PERFORMANCEFINANCIAL PLANNINGFINANCIAL RISKSFINANCIAL STRENGTHFINANCING SOURCESFISCAL DECENTRALIZATIONHIGHWAYSHOUSINGINFLATIONINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINTERCITY BUSLAND USELAND-USE POLICIESLARGE CITIESLEARNINGLIGHT RAILLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOW FARESLOW-INCOME USERSMASS RAPID TRANSITMASS TRANSITMETRO LINEMETRO NETWORKMETRO PASSENGERSMETRO RIDERSHIPMETRO SYSTEMMETRO SYSTEMSMETRO TRAFFICMETROPOLITAN AREASMODAL CHOICEMODAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTMODAL SHIFTMODE OF CHOICEMODES OF TRANSPORTMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTSMUNICIPALITIESNATIONAL TRANSPORTNOISEOPERATING COSTSOPERATING SURPLUSOPERATION OF TRANSPORTPASSENGER COUNTSPASSENGER DEMANDPASSENGER FLOWSPASSENGER INFORMATIONPASSENGER RAILPASSENGER RAIL SERVICEPASSENGERSPEDESTRIANPENALTIESPPPSPRIVATE OPERATORSPRODUCTIVITYPSPPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATINGPUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATORSPUBLIC TRANSPORT PRIORITYPUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMRADIAL CORRIDORSRAIL COMPANYRAIL CONSTRUCTIONRAIL DEVELOPMENTRAIL INVESTMENTSRAIL LINESRAIL MARKETRAIL NETWORKSRAIL POLICYRAIL PROJECTRAIL PROJECTSRAIL ROUTESRAIL SECTORRAIL SERVICESRAIL TRANSIT PROJECTSRAIL TRANSPORTRAIL TRAVELRAILWAYRAILWAY LINERAILWAYSRAPID RAILREGIONAL TRANSPORTRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRIDERSRIDERSHIPRIDERSHIP FORECASTSRIGHT-OF-WAYRISK MANAGEMENTROADROAD BUILDINGROAD NETWORKROAD SPACEROAD SYSTEMSROUTESAFETYSAVINGSSUBURBAN RAILSUBURBAN RAIL SYSTEMSTRAFFICTRAFFIC CONGESTIONTRAINSTRANSIT SYSTEMSTRANSPORT CORRIDORSTRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT NETWORKTRANSPORT PLANTRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT PROBLEMSTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICETRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORT STRATEGIESTRANSPORT STRATEGYTRANSPORT SYSTEMTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION PLANNINGTRAVEL BEHAVIORTRAVEL DEMANDTRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENTTRAVEL TIMETRIPSUNDERGROUNDURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN ECONOMYURBAN GROWTHURBAN PASSENGERURBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTURBAN RAILURBAN RAIL CONCESSIONSURBAN RAIL INVESTMENTSURBAN RAIL SYSTEMURBAN RAIL SYSTEMSURBAN RAIL TRANSITURBAN RAIL TRANSPORTURBAN RAILWAYSURBAN TRANSPORTURBAN TRANSPORT PLANNINGURBAN TRANSPORT SECTORURBAN TRANSPORT STRATEGYURBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMSURBAN TRAVELURBANIZATIONVEHICLEWALKINGWALKING DISTANCE10.1596/18425