World Bank2014-04-072014-04-072011-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17651Mobility is a major factor of access to economic resources, education, health, and other key elements influencing women's empowerment. In the Middle East and North Africa's countries, like in many other developing economies, women's mobility is constrained not only by the limited, sometimes unaffordable transport supply but also by social and cultural factors that frame women's access to the outside world and exacerbate the supply problem. The objectives of this study are: 1) understanding better how transport infrastructure and services are meeting women's transport needs, and more specifically, how they are facilitating or constraining women's access to resources, markets, training, information, and employment; and 2) identifying priority areas for governments' actions to improve women's mobility and thereby enhance their access to economic opportunities and contribute to their economic empowerment. Three studies of the interaction between gender and transport have been conducted with these in mind: one in rural Yemen, one in urban Yemen, and one in the West Bank. Analyses of the findings of the studies have led to the following recommendations being put forth: i) encourage the use of intermediary means of transport; ii) create awareness about women's mobility needs; and iii) identify and mitigate constraints delaying development projects in rural Yemen.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EMPLOYMENTAIRAIR CONDITIONINGALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTASPHALTAVAILABILITY OF TRANSPORTAVERAGE TRAVEL TIMEBETTER MOBILITYBICYCLEBICYCLESBIKESBUSBUS COMPANIESBUS COMPANYBUS INDUSTRYBUS OPERATORSBUS ROUTEBUS ROUTESBUS SERVICESBUS STOPBUS STOPSBUS TERMINALBUSESBUSWAYSCARCARSCARTSCOMMERCIAL VEHICLESCOMMUTERSCONCRETECOST PER TRIPCULTURAL BARRIERSDAILY TRAVELDEMAND FOR TRANSPORTDEMAND FOR TRANSPORT SERVICESDESIGN OF TRANSPORTDISABILITIESDONKEYDONKEYSDRIVERDRIVERSDRIVINGDRIVING SCHOOLSEARTHWORKSEFFICIENT TRANSPORTFARE INTEGRATIONFARESFINANCIAL BURDENFLEET REPLACEMENTFLEETSFRAMEWORKFREIGHTFREIGHT TRANSPORTFREQUENCY OF USEGENDERGENDER ANALYSISGENDER AND TRANSPORTGRADEHEAVY TRAFFICIMTINCOMEINFORMAL SECTORINFORMAL TRANSPORTINFORMAL TRANSPORT SECTORINJURIESINSPECTIONINTERURBAN TRANSPORTJOB MARKETJOURNEYLABOR MARKETLONG DISTANCESMAIN ROADSMEANS OF TRANSPORTMINIBUSESMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATIONMOBILITYMOBILITY CONSTRAINTSMOBILITY OPTIONSMODE OF TRANSPORTMOTORCYCLEMOTORCYCLESMOTORIZED TRANSPORTNEIGHBORHOODSPARKINGPARKING FACILITIESPASSENGERPASSENGER TRANSPORTPASSENGER VEHICLESPASSENGERSPASSENGERS AS WELLPATHSPAVEMENTSPEDESTRIANPEDESTRIAN CROSSINGSPEDESTRIAN FACILITIESPEDESTRIAN INFRASTRUCTUREPEOPLE WITH DISABILITIESPERSONAL SAFETYPOLICEPOPULATION DENSITYPOWER RELATIONSPRIVATE CARSPRIVATE TAXISPRIVATE TRANSPORTPRIVATE VEHICLEPRIVATE VEHICLESPUBLIC SAFETYPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORT PASSENGERSPUBLIC TRANSPORT SECTORPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMPUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLESPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONPUBLIC VEHICLESPUBLIC WORKSRAILWAYSRAINRIDERSROADROAD ACCIDENTSROAD CONDITIONSROAD CONSTRUCTIONROAD DAMAGEROAD DEATHSROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD SAFETYROAD USERSROAD WORKSROADSROUTESRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL ROADRURAL ROADSSAFETYSAFETY REGULATIONSSAFETY STANDARDSSANITARY FACILITIESSECURITY ISSUESSIDEWALKSSKIDDINGSOCIAL INTERACTIONSSPEEDSTREET LIGHTINGSTREETSSUBURBSSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTTAXITAXI LICENSESTAXISTOPOGRAPHYTRACTORSTRAFFICTRAFFIC ACCIDENTSTRAFFIC LAWTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRAFFIC POLICETRAFFIC SAFETYTRAFFIC SAFETY COUNCILTRANSPORTTRANSPORT ACTIVITIESTRANSPORT COSTTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT EXPENDITURETRANSPORT EXPENDITURESTRANSPORT FACILITIESTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT MODETRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT NEEDSTRANSPORT NETWORKSTRANSPORT PLANTRANSPORT PLANNERSTRANSPORT PLANNINGTRANSPORT PROJECTSTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICETRANSPORT SERVICE QUALITYTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORT SUPPLYTRANSPORT SYSTEMTRANSPORT SYSTEMSTRANSPORT TARIFFSTRANSPORT TERMINALSTRANSPORT USERSTRANSPORTATION WALKINGTRAVEL NEEDSTRAVEL PATTERNSTRAVELERSTRIPTRIPSTRUCKSTRUETRUST FUNDTYPE OF VEHICLESURBAN TRANSPORTURBANIZATIONVANSVEHICLEVEHICLE OWNERSHIPWAITING TIMEWALKINGWALKING DISTANCEWEATHER CONDITIONS10.1596/17651