World Bank2017-06-022017-06-022012https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26855Jamaica is a Caribbean country that has initiated comprehensive programs to address Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). The government created the National Health Fund (NHF) to reduce the cost of treatment of NCDs and finance some prevention programs. The main objective of this study is to learn from Jamaica's experience in tackling major NCDs and related risk factors, to provide policy options for Jamaica to improve its NCD programs and to share with other countries the lessons learned from its experience. The study attempts to answer three questions: a) whether the NHF and its drug subsidy program have reduced out-of-pocket spending on NCDs; b) whether access to treatment of NCDs has improved; and c) what the economic burden on NCD patients and their families is. The report presents an overall picture of the epidemiological and demographic transitions in Jamaica, its current burden of NCDs, and the change in the trend of NCDs in the past decade, using publicly available data, particularly data from the Jamaica living condition household surveys. It assesses the risk factors and analyzes Jamaica's response to NCDs with emphasis on the impact of the NHF on people's lives. Estimates of the economic burden of NCDs are provided and policy options to improve Jamaica's NCD programs are suggested. This study focuses on Jamaica's experience in addressing major NCDs and their related risk factors with the objective of learning from Jamaica and providing policy options to Jamaica to improve its programs.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICESACCESS TO TREATMENTACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMEADOLESCENTSADULT POPULATIONAGE GROUPSAGEDAGINGAIR POLLUTIONALCOHOL CONSUMPTIONANXIETYARTHRITISASTHMABABIESBREAST CANCERBURDEN OF DISEASECANCERSCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASECAUSES OF DEATHCEREBROVASCULAR DISEASESCERVICAL CANCERSCHILDREN PER WOMANCHOLESTEROLCHRONIC CONDITIONSCHRONIC DISEASECHRONIC ILLNESSCIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSCOLON CANCERCOMMUNICABLE DISEASECOMPLICATIONSCORONARY HEART DISEASECULTURAL VALUESDEATH RATEDEMOGRAPHIC FACTORSDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONDEPENDENCY RATIODEPRESSIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT OF POLICIESDIABETESDIABETES MELLITUSDIETDIETSDIGESTIVE DISEASESDISABILITYDISASTERSDISEASE BURDENDISEASE MANAGEMENTDISEASE PREVALENCEDISEASE PREVENTIONDISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROLDRUGSEARLY DETECTIONEATING HABITSECONOMIC IMPLICATIONSECONOMIC STATUSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTELDERLYELDERLY PEOPLEELDERLY POPULATIONEMERGENCIESENDOCRINE DISORDERSEPIDEMICEQUITABLE ACCESSEXPOSURE TO HEALTH RISKSFAMILIESFEMALESFERTILITYFERTILITY RATEFEWER CHILDRENFOOD PRODUCTIONGENDER DISPARITYGENDER GAPGLOBAL HEALTHGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH CONSEQUENCESHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH IMPACTHEALTH MESSAGESHEALTH MINISTRIESHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH PLANNINGHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH RISKSHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTHY LIFEHEALTHY LIFESTYLESHEART ATTACKHIGH BLOOD PRESSUREHIV/AIDSHOSPITALHOSPITALIZATIONSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSHYGIENEHYPERTENSIONIMMUNODEFICIENCYINDIVIDUAL HEALTHINFANTINFANT DEATHSINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATEINFECTIOUS DISEASESINFORMATION SYSTEMSINJURIESINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSINTERNATIONAL TRADEKNOWLEDGE BASELAWSLEADING CAUSESLEADING CAUSES OF DEATHLEADING CAUSES OF MORTALITYLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVE BIRTHSLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLONGER LIVESMALIGNANT NEOPLASMSMARIJUANAMARKETINGMEDICAL ATTENTIONMEDICAL CAREMEDICINESMENTALMENTAL ILLNESSMINISTRY OF HEALTHMORBIDITYMORBIDITY AND MORTALITYMORTALITYMUSCLESMUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASESNATIONAL POLICYNATIONAL STRATEGYNCDNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESNUMBER OF PEOPLENUTRITIONNUTRITION EDUCATIONNUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIESNUTRITIONAL DISEASESNUTRITIONAL STATUSOBESITYOLDER ADULTSOLDER PEOPLEOSTEOPOROSISPARASITIC DISEASESPATIENTPATIENT EDUCATIONPATIENT SATISFACTIONPATIENTSPERSONAL HEALTHPHARMACEUTICALSPHYSICAL ACTIVITYPHYSICAL WORKPLACE OF RESIDENCEPOLICY DIALOGUEPOLICY MAKERSPOLLUTIONPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH RATEPOPULATION STRUCTUREPOPULATION STUDIESPREVALENCEPREVENTION STRATEGIESPROGRESSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC POLICYQUALITY ASSURANCERECREATIONREGIONAL ACTIONRESPECTRESPIRATORY DISEASESRESPIRATORY INFECTIONSRESPIRATORY SYSTEMRESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONSRESTAURANTSRISK FACTORSRURAL AREASRURAL RESIDENTSRURAL WOMENSANITATIONSERVICE UTILIZATIONSEXSKIN DISEASESSMOKERSSMOKINGSOCIAL CONDITIONSSOCIAL NETWORKSSOCIAL PARTICIPATIONSOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSODIUMSTOMACHSTOMACH CANCERSYMPTOMSTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETEENAGERSTERTIARY LEVELSTOBACCO PRODUCTSTRANSPORTATIONTREATMENTTUBERCULOSISUNEMPLOYED PEOPLEUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN DWELLERSURBAN WOMENURBANIZATIONUSE OF CIGARETTESVIOLENCEWALKINGWEIGHT GAINWORKING CONDITIONSWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONYOUNG ADULTSYOUNG AGEReportWorld Bank10.1596/26855