Van Nguyen, TrangInchauste, GabrielaAzevedo, João PedroEssama-Nssah, B.Olivieri, SergioSaavedra-Chanduvi, JaimeWinkler, Hernan2014-08-192014-08-192014-08-12978-1-4648-0299-7https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19445Understanding Changes in Poverty brings together different methods to decompose the contributions to poverty reduction. A simple approach quantifies the contribution of changes in demographics, employment, earnings, public transfers, and remittances to poverty reduction. A more complex approach quantifies the contributions to poverty reduction from changes in individual and household characteristics, including changes in the sectoral, occupational, and educational structure of the workforce, as well as changes in the returns to individual and household characteristics. Understanding Changes in Poverty implements these approaches and finds that labor income growth that is, growth in income per worker rather than an increase in the number of employed workers was the largest contributor to moderate poverty reduction in 21 countries experiencing substantial reductions in poverty over the past decade. Changes in demographics, public transfers, and remittances helped, but made relatively smaller contributions to poverty reduction. Further decompositions in three countries find that labor income grew mainly because of higher returns to human capital endowments, signaling increases in productivity, higher relative price of labor, or both. Understanding Changes in Poverty will be of particular relevance to development practitioners interested in better understanding distributional changes over time. The methods and tools presented in this book can also be applied to better understand changes in inequality or any other distributional change.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGGREGATE POVERTYAGRICULTURAL WORKERSAVERAGE INCOMEAVERAGE WAGESCASH TRANSFERSCHANGES IN POVERTYCONSUMPTION AGGREGATECONSUMPTION EXPENDITURECONSUMPTION PER CAPITACONSUMPTION POVERTYCOUNTERFACTUALCUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONCUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONDECLINE IN POVERTYDECOMPOSABLE POVERTYDECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURESDECOMPOSITION METHODOLOGYDECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUESDENSITY FUNCTIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING WORLDDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT GOALSDEVELOPMENT REPORTDEVELOPMENT RESEARCHDISTRIBUTION OF LANDDISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGEDISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGESDISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMICSEMPIRICAL REGULARITIESESTIMATED COEFFICIENTSEX ANTE ANALYSISEXTREME POVERTYEXTREME POVERTY LINEFAMILY INCOMEFAMILY MEMBERSFARM HOUSEHOLDSFARM INCOMEFARM SECTORFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL MARKETSFLEXIBILITYFOOD PRICESFUNCTIONAL FORMGLOBAL POVERTYGROWTH EFFECTGROWTH PATTERNGROWTH PROCESSGROWTH RATEHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTSIMPACT EVALUATIONIMPROVING PRODUCTIVITYINCIDENCE ANALYSISINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME DISTRIBUTIONSINCOME DYNAMICSINCOME GROWTHINCOME INEQUALITYINCOME REDISTRIBUTIONINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIESINEQUALITY CONSTANTINEQUALITY MEASURESINTERVENTIONLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLIVING STANDARDSMACROECONOMIC SHOCKSMARGINAL EFFECTMEAN INCOMENATIONAL POVERTYNATIONAL POVERTY HEADCOUNTNUTRITIONPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOORPOPULATION SHAREPOVERTY CHANGEPOVERTY CHANGESPOVERTY DYNAMICSPOVERTY GAPPOVERTY GAP INDEXPOVERTY HEADCOUNT RATESPOVERTY IMPACTPOVERTY IMPACTSPOVERTY LEVELPOVERTY LEVELSPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY LINESPOVERTY MEASUREPOVERTY MEASUREMENTPOVERTY MEASURESPOVERTY OUTCOMESPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION TARGETSPOVERTY SEVERITYPRIVATE TRANSFERSPRO-POORPRO-POOR GROWTHPROGRAM EVALUATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC POLICYQUALITY OF PUBLIC SERVICESREDUCING POVERTYREDUCTION IN POVERTYREGIONAL COMPOSITIONRELATIVE IMPORTANCERELATIVE INEQUALITYRURAL INCOMESAFETY NETSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSAVINGSSECTORAL COMPOSITIONSOCIAL POLICIESSOCIAL PROTECTIONTRANSFER PROGRAMSUNDERSTANDING OF POVERTYWAGE DIFFERENTIALSWELFARE INDICATORWELFARE MEASURE10.1596/978-1-4648-0299-7