Briceño-Garmendia, CeciliaEstache, AntonioShafik, Nemat2013-08-012013-08-012004-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14721The authors review the evidence on the state of infrastructure in the developing world, emphasizing the investment needs and the emerging policy issues. While their assessment is seriously constrained by data gaps, they provide useful insights on the main challenges ahead, emphasizing that, in addition to the widely discussed access problems, the poorest also face major affordability and service quality issues which were not well addressed by the reforms of the 1990s. The authors make a case for a stronger commitment of the international community to generate the information needed to assess and monitor infrastructure needs and policies.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGAIRPORTSAVERAGE COSTSBASIC EDUCATIONCLINICSCORRUPTIONCOST BENEFIT ANALYSISDEBTDEBT SERVICEDECENTRALIZATIONDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT BANKSDEVELOPMENT INDICATORSDIMINISHING RETURNSDISCLOSUREDRINKING WATERECONOMIC GROWTHEFFICIENCY LEVELSELASTICITIESELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONEMPLOYMENTENDOWMENTSEXPENDITURESEXTERNALITIESFINANCIAL POLICIESFISCAL DECENTRALIZATIONFISCAL PERFORMANCEHEALTH CAREHEALTH INDICATORSHEALTH OUTCOMESHOUSEHOLDSHOUSINGHOUSING POLICYHUMAN DEVELOPMENTINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME INEQUALITYINFANT MORTALITYINFRASTRUCTURE POLICIESINFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINTERNATIONAL DONORSINVESTMENT EXPENDITURESLATIN AMERICANLOCAL CAPACITYLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOW INCOMELOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMONOPOLIESMORTALITYNEGATIVE EFFECTSNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIESPERVERSE INCENTIVESPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLLUTION REGULATIONPORTSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENTPRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATIONPRODUCERSPRODUCTIVITYPROVISIONSPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC GOODPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC INVESTMENT IN INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC PARTICIPATIONPUBLIC PARTNERSHIPSPUBLIC RESOURCESPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC UTILITIESREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRESOURCE ALLOCATIONROADSSANITATIONSAVINGSSERVICE DELIVERYSUB-SAHARAN AFRICASUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSTAXATIONTELECOMMUNICATIONSTHAILANDTRANSPORTATIONTREASURYUGANDAURBAN GROWTHURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN POPULATIONSURBANIZATIONUTILITIESVIETNAMWAGESWATER POLLUTIONWATER QUALITYWATER SUPPLYWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-3468