Eberhard, Anton2012-08-132012-08-132007-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/10688Developing countries attempting to implement the standard model of independent regulation have encountered many problems and challenges. These may arise when a regulatory system is incompatible with the country's regulatory commitment and institutional and human resource endowment. Selecting from a menu of regulatory options to create a hybrid model -- one that best fits a country's own circumstances and challenges -- can improve regulatory performance.CC BY 3.0 IGOARBITRATIONBENCHMARKINGCONCESSIONCONCESSION CONTRACTSCUSTOMER SERVICEDIRECTIVESDISPUTE RESOLUTIONELECTRIC POWERELECTRIC POWER SECTORELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTIONGOVERNMENT POLICYHYBRID MODELIMPACT OF REGULATIONINDEPENDENT REGULATIONINDEPENDENT REGULATORINDEPENDENT REGULATORSINDEPENDENT REGULATORYINDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCIESINDEPENDENT REGULATORY AGENCYINFRASTRUCTURE REFORMINFRASTRUCTURE REGULATIONINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYLEGAL ARRANGEMENTSLEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGAL INSTRUMENTLEGAL INSTRUMENTSLEGISLATIONMINISTERNATIONAL REGULATORSPOWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTSPRIVATE SECTORPUBLIC CONSULTATIONSPUBLIC DOCUMENTPUBLIC INTERESTPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSREGIONAL NETWORKSREGULATION BY AGENCYREGULATION BY CONTRACTREGULATORSREGULATORY AGENCYREGULATORY BODIESREGULATORY CONTRACTREGULATORY CONTRACTSREGULATORY DECISIONREGULATORY DECISION-MAKINGREGULATORY DESIGNREGULATORY DISCRETIONREGULATORY EFFECTIVENESSREGULATORY ENTITYREGULATORY FUNCTIONSREGULATORY GOVERNANCEREGULATORY GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTSREGULATORY INDEPENDENCEREGULATORY INSTITUTIONSREGULATORY MECHANISMSREGULATORY MODELSREGULATORY OPTIONREGULATORY OPTIONSREGULATORY PERFORMANCEREGULATORY PROCESSESREGULATORY REGIMEREGULATORY REGIMESREGULATORY RISKREGULATORY SYSTEMREGULATORY SYSTEMSSERVICE STANDARDSTARIFF SETTINGTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATIONTRANSPARENCYTRANSPARENT REGULATORY PROCESSESUTILITIESUTILITY REGULATIONWorld Bank10.1596/10688