World Bank2012-12-052012-12-052012-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/11900The East Asian and Pacific region has achieved tremendous progress in poverty reduction in recent years. However, further progress in poverty reduction may be undermined by the high levels of vulnerability in many countries across the region. The term vulnerability is viewed from an economic context, where it is conceived as the likelihood of suffering from future deteriorations in standard of living which may result in a state of poverty, or inability to meet basic needs. Therefore, vulnerability is stated as an ex-ante measure of well-being, reflecting not so much how well off a household (or an individual) currently is, but what its future prospects are. In thinking about poverty and vulnerability, it is important to realize that there are two groups of households: a) those who are vulnerable to transitory poverty if exposed to adverse shocks; and b) those who are structurally or chronically poor-many of those households have been affected by shocks in the past, and have limited long-term income generating capacity. To better protect household from shocks one must also better understand how households face and manage risks.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE POVERTYACCESS TO ASSETSACUTE MALNUTRITIONADVERSE IMPACTSAGINGAGING POPULATIONSAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENTAGRICULTURAL GROWTHAGRICULTURAL INPUTSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL SHOCKSASSET LOSSESAVAILABILITY OF RESOURCESAVERAGE WAGESBASIC NEEDSCASH TRANSFERCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMSCASH TRANSFERSCHEAPER FOODCHILD HEALTHCHRONIC POVERTYCHRONICALLY POORCOASTAL REGIONCOASTAL REGIONSCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESCOMMUNITY ASSETSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCONDITIONAL CASHCONFLICTCONSUMPTION POVERTYCOPING BEHAVIORSCOPING MECHANISMSCOPING STRATEGIESCOPING STRATEGYCOVARIATE SHOCKSCREDIT MARKETSCRIMECROP DIVERSIFICATIONCROP INSURANCECROP VARIETIESCROWDING OUTDIABETESDIMENSIONS OF POVERTYDISABILITYDISASTER RELIEFDIVORCEDROUGHTEARTHQUAKEECONOMIC DOWNTURNECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC SHOCKSECONOMIC STATUSEMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTUREEMPLOYMENT STATUSENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGEEPIDEMIOLOGYETHNIC MINORITYETHNIC MINORITY GROUPSEX POST COPING STRATEGIESEXTENDED FAMILYEXTENDED FAMILY NETWORKSEXTERNAL SHOCKSFAMILIESFAMILY MEMBERSFINANCIAL CRISESFINANCIAL CRISISFOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONSFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD EXPENDITURESFOOD INSECURITYFOOD ITEMSFORMAL CREDITFORMAL SAFETY NETSGENDER DIFFERENCESHEALTH CLINICSHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH OUTCOMESHOMELESSHOSPITALIZATIONHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITYHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKSILLNESSIMPACT OF SHOCKSINCOMEINCOME GROWTHINCOME REDISTRIBUTIONINCOME SHOCKINCOME SHOCKSINCOME SMOOTHINGINEQUALITYINFANT MORTALITYINFORMAL MECHANISMSINFORMAL SAFETY NETSINJURIESINSURANCE MECHANISMSINTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINEINTERVENTIONIRRIGATIONJOB LOSSLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET PROGRAMSLABOR MARKETSLABOR SUPPLYLAND ASSETSLAND PRODUCTIVITYLEVELS OF VULNERABILITYLIFE EVENTSLIMITED ACCESSLIMITED CAPACITYLIVE BIRTHSLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLOSS OF EMPLOYMENTLOW WAGESMACROECONOMIC SHOCKSMALNUTRITIONMANAGEMENT SYSTEMSMATERNAL MORTALITYMEANS TESTINGMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL TREATMENTMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMODERNIZATIONMORBIDITYNATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL SHOCKSOBESITYOLD AGEPARENTINGPATIENTSPERSISTENT POVERTYPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOLITICAL SUPPORTPOORPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR PEOPLEPOOR POPULATIONPOORER HOUSEHOLDSPOVERTY INCIDENCEPOVERTY LEVELPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY LINESPOVERTY RATEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY THRESHOLDPRECAUTIONARY SAVINGSPREVENTIVE HEALTHPROGRAM COVERAGEPROGRESSPROSTITUTIONPROTECTION POLICIESPROTECTION SYSTEMSPUBLIC CLINICSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC UTILITIESQUALITATIVE DATARECESSIONSREGIONAL COMPARISONREGIONAL STUDIESREGIONAL STUDYRELIEF ACTIVITIESRICE SUBSIDYRISK COPINGRISK MANAGEMENTRISK MITIGATIONRISK REDUCTIONRURALRURAL AREASRURAL DISTRICTSRURAL HOUSEHOLDRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL POORRURAL POPULATIONSAFETY NETSAFETY NET MECHANISMSSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSANITATIONSAVINGSSCHOOLINGSEX WORKERSSHOCKSKILLED WORKERSSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL RISKSOCIAL SAFETY NETSSOCIAL SERVICESSTRUCTURAL REFORMSTARGETINGTRADE UNIONSTRANSIENT POORTRANSITORY POVERTYUNEMPLOYMENTURBANIZATIONVILLAGE FUNDVILLAGE LEADERSVIOLENCEVULNERABILITY REDUCTIONVULNERABILITY TO POVERTYVULNERABLE GROUPVULNERABLE GROUPSWAGE RATEWARWATER SUPPLYWELFARE STATEWORKING DAYSWorld Bank10.1596/11900