World Bank2017-08-102017-08-102010https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27720In recent years, Chinese health care has improved rapidly, especially in the areas of equity and accessibility of services, as well as the movement toward universal coverage. A new round of health care reform, which was announced in April 2009, began implementation in 2010, with reform pilots in 16 urban areas. This paper analyzes a key pillar of this ongoing reform process, public hospital management. First, the paper reviews the history of public hospital reform, discusses hospital functions and responsibilities, and describes the structure and supply of health services. Second, it describes the main policy issues facing public hospitals, including financing sources and the hospital market environment. Third, it examines organizational arrangements in public hospitals, focusing on decision rights and governance. Fourth, the paper offers an international perspective and framework for assessing hospital reform. Finally, it summarizes the main policy issues and suggests next steps for policy reform. The paper draws on recent publications, grey literature, media reports, and interviews with key stakeholders.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACUTE CAREACUTE CARE HOSPITALSADEQUATE FOODADMINISTRATIVE SERVICESAGINGBABYBASIC HEALTH SERVICESBEDSBRAIN DRAINCERTIFICATIONCHILD CARECHILD HEALTHCITIESCITIZENSCLINICIANCLINICIANSCLINICSCOMMUNITIESCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOMMUNITY HOSPITALSCOUNSELINGDESCRIPTIONDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDIAGNOSISDISASTERSDISEASE CONTROLDOCTORSDRUGSEARTHQUAKEECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC POLICYEMERGENCIESEMERGENCY CASESEMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICESEMERGENCY SERVICESEMPLOYMENTEXPENDITURE CONTROLEXPENDITURESEXPOSUREFAMILIESFAMILY PLANNINGFAMILY PLANNING SERVICESFEE-FOR-SERVICEFEES FOR SERVICESFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCING POLICIESFIXED COSTSGOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTSGOVERNMENT OFFICESGOVERNMENT POLICIESGOVERNMENT PROMOTIONGOVERNMENT SUPPORTHEALTH ADMINISTRATIONHEALTH AUTHORITIESHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE REFORMHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH EDUCATIONHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH INSTITUTIONSHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH ORGANIZATIONSHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH PLANSHEALTH POLICIESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROJECTSHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROVIDERSHEALTH REFORMHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICE PROVIDERSHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEM REFORMHEALTH-SECTORHEALTHCAREHEALTHCARE PROVIDERSHEALTHCARE SERVICESHOSPITALHOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORSHOSPITAL AUTONOMYHOSPITAL BEDSHOSPITAL CAREHOSPITAL MANAGEMENTHOSPITAL MANAGERSHOSPITAL PERSONNELHOSPITAL SERVICESHOSPITALSHOUSEHOLDSHOUSINGHOUSING CONSTRUCTIONHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESILLNESSESINCOMEINDUCED DEMANDINFANTINFANT MORTALITYINFECTIOUS DISEASESINFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEMSINFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTIONINSURANCEINSURANCE COVERAGEINSURANCE SCHEMESINSURERSINTERVENTIONLARGE CITIESLEASINGLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL GOVERNMENTSMANAGEMENT SYSTEMSMANDATESMATERNAL HEALTHMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL EDUCATIONMEDICAL EQUIPMENTMEDICAL EXPENSESMEDICAL FACILITIESMEDICAL PERSONNELMEDICAL SERVICESMEDICAL STAFFMEDICAL TECHNOLOGYMEDICAL TREATMENTMEDICINESMINISTRY OF HEALTHMORTALITYMORTGAGESNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTNATURAL DISASTERSNURSINGNURSING HOMESNUTRITIONOCCUPANCYOCCUPANCY RATESOPEN DOOROUTPATIENT CAREOUTPATIENT SERVICESPATIENTPATIENT CHOICEPATIENT SATISFACTIONPATIENTSPHARMACIESPHARMACYPHYSICIANPHYSICIANSPHYSIOTHERAPYPOOR FAMILIESPRACTITIONERSPRESCRIPTIONSPREVENTIVE HEALTH CAREPREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICESPRIMARY CAREPROGRESSPROVIDER PAYMENTPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH SERVICESPUBLIC HOSPITALSPUBLIC SERVICEQUALITY OF CAREQUALITY OF SERVICESQUALITY SERVICESRADIOLOGYREGIONAL PLANNINGREHABILITATIONRESEARCH PROJECTSRURAL AREASRURAL POPULATIONRURAL RESIDENTSSAFETYSCREENINGSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVISIONSERVICE QUALITYSET OF RECOMMENDATIONSSOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCESOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIESSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SUPPORTSOCIAL WELFARESOCIALIZATIONSURGERYTEACHING HOSPITALSTREATMENT SERVICESTREATMENTSURBAN AREASUSE OF RESOURCESVILLAGESVISITSVULNERABLE GROUPSWASTEWORKERSPolicy NoteWorld Bank10.1596/27720