van der Mensbrugghe, DominiqueAnderson, KymMartin, Will2012-06-212012-06-212006-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8745This paper provides new estimates of the global gains from multilateral trade reform and their distribution among developing countries in the presence of trade preferences. Particular attention is given to agriculture, as farmers constitute the poorest households in developing countries but are the most assisted in rich countries. The latest GTAP database (Version 6.05) and the LINKAGE model of the global economy are used to examine the impact first of current merchandise trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible reform outcomes from the WTO's Doha Development Agenda. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa proportionately more than in other developing countries or high-income countries, despite a terms of trade loss in parts of that region. Net farm incomes would rise substantially in that and other developing country regions, thereby alleviating rural poverty. A Doha partial liberalization could move the world some way toward those desirable outcomes, but more so the more developing countries themselves cut applied tariffs, particularly on agricultural imports.CC BY 3.0 IGOAGGREGATE IMPORTSAGGREGATE MEASURE OF SUPPORTAGGREGATE SUPPLYAGRICULTURAL DOMESTIC SUPPORTAGRICULTURAL EXPORTAGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIESAGRICULTURAL IMPORTSAGRICULTURAL MARKETAGRICULTURAL MARKET ACCESSAGRICULTURAL POLICIESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL PROTECTIONAGRICULTURAL REFORMAGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIESAGRICULTURAL SUPPORTAGRICULTURAL TARIFFAGRICULTURAL TARIFFSAGRICULTURAL TRADEAGRICULTURAL VALUEAGRICULTUREAPPLIED TARIFFAVERAGE TARIFFAVERAGE TARIFFSBASE YEARBENCHMARKBENEFITS OF TRADEBILATERAL TRADECAPITAL ACCUMULATIONCOMMODITIESCOMMODITY EXPORTERSCONSTANT ELASTICITY OF TRANSFORMATIONCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALECONSUMERSCOTTONCOUNTRY MARKETSCOUNTRY TARIFFCURRENT ACCOUNTCURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCECUTTINGDAIRYDAIRY PRODUCTSECONOMIC EXPANSIONECONOMIC OUTCOMESECONOMIC SECTORSECONOMIC WELFAREELASTICITYEXPORT CREDITSEXPORT GROWTHEXPORT PRICEEXPORT QUOTASEXPORT SUBSIDYEXPORTSFARMFARM EMPLOYMENTFARM INCOMESFARM PRODUCTSFARMERSFARMSFOOD PRODUCTSFREE TRADEFULL LIBERALIZATIONFULL TRADE LIBERALIZATIONGDPGENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCESGLOBAL COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUMGLOBAL EXPORTSGLOBAL TRADEGLOBAL TRADE ANALYSISHIGH TARIFFSHOUSEHOLDSIMPORT PROTECTIONIMPORT TARIFFIMPORT TARIFFSIMPORTS OF TEXTILESINCOMEINTENSIVE FARMINGINTERMEDIATE GOODSINTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MOBILITYINTERNATIONAL MARKETSITCLIVESTOCKMARKET ACCESSMARKET ACCESS OPPORTUNITIESMEATMULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATIONMULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONSMULTILATERAL TRADEMULTILATERAL TRADE REFORMNATIONAL INCOMENON-TARIFF BARRIERSOPEN ECONOMIESPARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSISPREFERENTIAL ACCESSPRICE INDEXPROTECTION DATAPROTECTION RATESRATE QUOTASRATES OF PROTECTIONREAL INCOMERECIPROCITYREGIONAL INTEGRATIONROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONSRULES OF ORIGINSUB-SAHARAN AFRICASUGARSYSTEM OF PREFERENCESTARIFF BARRIERSTARIFF BINDINGTARIFF BINDINGSTARIFF LEVELTARIFF LEVELSTARIFF LINESTARIFF PREFERENCESTARIFF RATETARIFF RATE QUOTASTARIFF RATESTARIFF REFORMTARIFF REVENUESTERMS OF TRADETERMS OF TRADE LOSSTRADE BARRIERSTRADE DATATRADE DISTORTIONSTRADE EFFECTTRADE EFFECTSTRADE FLOWSTRADE IN SERVICESTRADE LOSSESTRADE MODELSTRADE POLICYTRADE POLICY REFORMTRADE PREFERENCESTRADE REFORMTRADE REFORMSUNILATERAL LIBERALIZATIONURUGUAY ROUNDVALUE ADDEDVOLUMEWELFARE GAINSWESTERN EUROPEWTOWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-3848