World Bank2013-11-182013-11-182013-07https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16273Urban agriculture contributes to local economic development, poverty alleviation, the social inclusion of the urban poor and women, as well as to the greening of the city and the productive reuse of urban wastes. Urban agriculture encompasses a wide variety of production systems in both urban as well as peri-urban areas. This study examines the contribution of urban agriculture to livelihoods, food security, health, and the urban environment through an assessment of existing urban agriculture activities among poor households in four selected cities. Another important benefit from urban agricultural production is in the cash savings from self-produced food that would otherwise have to be purchased. The role and importance of urban agriculture will likely increase with urbanization and climate change, so the integration of urban agriculture into development strategies and policy decisions would be important for long-term sustainability. This report is structured according to the basic framework mentioned above. Chapter two then summarizes the key findings from the four city case studies, analyzing the profiles of urban agriculture in each city, including the agricultural practices pursued, access to and use of urban land, as well as examining the available data for evidence of the importance of urban agriculture for livelihoods and food security. Chapter two also discusses the main findings from the case studies on the constraints facing urban agriculture. Chapter three then provides various recommendations for strengthening urban agriculture and addressing these constraints, recognizing that these need to be considered in light of the broader urban development agenda and the many competing priorities that cities face. The annexes to this report describe the methodology used for the city case studies, and provide detailed information on each city, including a general city profile, the urban agricultural practices in each city, the inputs used and outputs produced, and the income, expenditure, dwelling and food consumption profiles of residents.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO FOODAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITYAGRICULTURAL AREASAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL INPUTSAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURAL POLICIESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL USEAGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE SECTORANIMAL FEEDANIMAL FOODSANIMAL PRODUCTSAQUACULTUREBIRD SPECIESCARBON DIOXIDECASSAVACATTLECEREALSCHEAPER FOODCHEMICAL FERTILIZERSCHICKENSCITIESCITY CENTERCOMMUNITY GARDENSCONTAINERSCROP PRODUCTIONDAIRYDEMAND FOR FOODDRINKING WATERENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY USEENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATIONENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYEXPENDITURESFARMERFARMERSFOOD AVAILABILITYFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNSFOOD INSECURITYFOOD INTAKEFOOD NEEDSFOOD PRICESFOOD PROCESSINGFOOD PRODUCTIONFOOD REQUIREMENTSFOOD SECURITYFOOD SECURITY IN CITIESFOOD SHORTAGESFOOD STAPLESFOOD SUPPLIESFOOD SUPPLYFOOD SYSTEMSFOODSFRESH VEGETABLESFRESH WATERFRUITFRUIT TREESFRUITSGOATSHOUSEHOLD FOODHOUSEHOLD WASTEHOUSINGINDIGENOUS VEGETABLESIRRIGATION WATERJAMSLAND USELEAFY VEGETABLESLIVABLE CITIESLIVESTOCKLIVESTOCK KEEPERSLIVESTOCK KEEPINGLIVESTOCK PRODUCTIONLIVESTOCK RAISINGLOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDSMAIZEMEALNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTNATURAL RESOURCESNUTRITION IN CITIESNUTRITION SECURITYNUTRITIONAL STATUSORANGEORCHARDSORGANIC WASTEORGANIC WASTESPACKAGINGPADDYPERI-URBAN AREAPERI-URBAN AREASPESTICIDESPOOR URBAN HOUSEHOLDSPOTATOPOTATOESPROTEINRESTAURANTSRICERIVER WATERRURAL AGRICULTURERURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL POPULATIONSHEEPSLUM AREASSOLID WASTESTAPLE FOODSSUGARSURFACE WATERSUSTAINABLE CITIESSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODSSUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENTSWEET POTATOESTOMATOESTOWNSTREE PLANTINGTUBERSURBANURBAN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESURBAN AGRICULTUREURBAN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENTURBAN AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION SYSTEMSURBAN AREAURBAN AREASURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN ECOLOGYURBAN ECONOMIC GROWTHURBAN ECONOMYURBAN EMPLOYMENTURBAN ENVIRONMENTURBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSURBAN FARMERSURBAN FARMINGURBAN FOODURBAN FOOD INSECURITYURBAN FOOD PRODUCTIONURBAN FORESTRYURBAN GROWTHURBAN HARVESTURBAN HARVEST RESEARCHURBAN LANDURBAN LAND USEURBAN LAND USE PLANNINGURBAN LINKAGESURBAN LIVELIHOODSURBAN MARKETSURBAN MIGRATIONURBAN PLANNINGURBAN POLICYURBAN POLLUTIONURBAN POORURBAN POPULATIONURBAN POPULATIONSURBAN POVERTYURBAN POVERTY REDUCTIONURBAN PRODUCERSURBAN RENEWALURBAN WASTEURBAN WASTESURBAN WOMENURBANIZATIONURBANIZATION PROCESSVEGETABLEVEGETABLE FARMSVEGETABLE PRODUCTIONVEGETABLESVEGETATIONWATER USEWETLANDSWorld Bank10.1596/16273