Agénor, Pierre-RichardBayraktar, NihalPinto Moreira, Emmanuel2012-06-182012-06-182006-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8386The authors propose a "bottom up" approach to link public investment programs with a class of macro models recently developed to quantify Strategy Papers for Human Development (SPAHD) in low-income countries. The methodology involves establishing constant-price projections of investment outlays (disaggregated into infrastructure, education, and health), spending on maintenance and other goods and services, salaries, and user charges. These estimates are incorporated in a SPAHD macro framework to calculate, under alternative scenarios, domestic financing, foreign borrowing, and aid requirements. The authors also evaluate the impact on growth and indicators associated with the Millennium Development Goals. They use illustrative applications, based on a SPAHD model for Niger, to highlight the link between tax reform and aid requirements.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SAFE WATERACCOUNTINGADJUSTMENT POLICIESAGGREGATE DEMANDALLOCATIONBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBUDGET BALANCEBUDGET CONSTRAINTBUDGET DEFICITBUDGET FRAMEWORKCALIBRATION PROCESSCAPITAL EXPENDITURECAPITAL EXPENDITURESCAPITAL INFLOWSCAPITAL STOCKCENTRAL BANKCOMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENTCONDITIONALITYCONSUMER PRICE INDEXCONSUMPTION EXPENDITURECONTINGENT LIABILITIESDEBTDEBT RELIEFDEBT SERVICINGDEBT SUSTAINABILITYDEFICITSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVESDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDISEASESDISPOSABLE INCOMEDISTRIBUTIONAL ISSUESDOMESTIC BORROWINGDOMESTIC GOODDOMESTIC MARKETDOMESTIC TAXDOMESTIC TAXATIONECONOMIC COOPERATIONECONOMIC GROWTHEDUCATIONEDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTELASTICITIESELASTICITYELECTRICITYEXOGENOUS VARIABLESEXPENDITURE DATAEXPENDITURESEXPORTSEXTERNAL FINANCINGFISCAL ACCOUNTSFIXED CAPITALFOREIGN BORROWINGFOREIGN CAPITALFOREIGN DEBTFORMAL ANALYSISGDPGOVERNMENT BUDGETGOVERNMENT DEBTGOVERNMENT EXPENDITUREGOVERNMENT SPENDINGGROWTHGROWTH RATEHEALTHHEALTH SERVICESHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN LIFEIMPACT ON HEALTHINCOMEINFANTINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATEINFANT MORTALITY RATESINFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESINTEREST PAYMENTSINTEREST RATEINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINVENTORYINVESTMENTINVESTMENT FLOWSINVESTMENT NEEDSINVESTMENT PROJECTSLABOR MARKETLABOR SUPPLYLIFE EXPECTANCYLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESLOW-INCOME COUNTRYMACROECONOMIC FRAMEWORKMACROECONOMIC MODELMACROECONOMIC MODELSMACROECONOMIC VARIABLESMACROECONOMICSMAINTENANCEMEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITUREMEDIUM-TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORKSMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMORAL HAZARDNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIESNET EXPORTSNET FOREIGN ASSETSNET PRESENT VALUEPER CAPITA INCOMEPOLICY DECISIONSPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOPULATION DENSITYPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIESPRIMARY DEFICITSPRIVATE CAPITALPRIVATE CONSUMPTIONPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE SAVINGSPRIVATE SECTORPROGRESSPROVISION OF HEALTH SERVICESPUBLICPUBLIC ASSETSPUBLIC CAPITALPUBLIC DEBTPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC ENTERPRISESPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC INVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONPUBLIC INVESTMENT IN INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC INVESTMENT PROGRAMPUBLIC INVESTMENT PROGRAMSPUBLIC INVESTMENTSPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEESPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SPENDINGPUBLIC UTILITIESRATE OF GROWTHRATE OF INVESTMENTRATE OF RETURNREAL EXCHANGE RATEREAL INCOMEROADSSAFE DRINKING WATERSAVINGSSIDE EFFECTSSOCIAL INDICATORSSTATE UNIVERSITYTAXTAX EFFORTTAX PAYMENTSTAX POLICYTAX RATETAX RATESTAX REFORMTAX REVENUETAX REVENUESTAXATIONTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETELECOMMUNICATIONSTOTAL SPENDINGUNEMPLOYMENTUSER CHARGESUSER FEESWAGESWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-3944