Partnership for Market Readiness2015-04-292015-04-292013-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21824Developed under the auspices of the Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR) and with advice and input from its Baselines Working Group, this document offers guidance and options for the development of emissions baselines, a key component for assessing the emission reductions in in both market and non-market based mechanisms. In the context of this document, a baseline refers to a scenario that describes expected or desired greenhouse gas emissions levels and that can be used as a basis for determining the amount of emissions reductions achieved as the result of a crediting, trading, or other mechanism. This document is divided into two parts. Part one (sections two and three) presents the context for emissions baselines, introduces key concepts and terms, and describes principles, considerations, and potential trade-offs that can inform decisions in the development of robust and transparent baselines. Part two provides a step-by-step description of how guidance users , a term we use here for those using this guidance, can develop baselines. Part two begins with a brief description of options for baseline development and approval, and proceeds in six further sections (5-10) to present options to define and update baselines. In the future, this document will be supplemented by additional documents illustrating how the guidance presented here can be applied to specific market or non-market mechanisms involving a variety of economic sectors and GHG emission sources. Finally, this document is intended to be dynamic. Over time, as experience is gained and consensus emerges on best practices, this document may evolve to provide more specific guidelines, where and as appropriate.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENTABSOLUTE EMISSIONABSOLUTE EMISSIONSACCEPTABLE LEVELSAGGREGATE EMISSIONSAIRALLOCATION OF ALLOWANCESALLOWANCEALLOWANCE ALLOCATIONALLOWANCE ALLOCATIONSALLOWANCE COSTSALUMINUMALUMINUM INDUSTRIESAMOUNT OF EMISSIONSAPPROACHAUCTIONAVAILABILITYBALANCEBASELINE DETERMINATIONBASELINE EMISSIONSBASELINE METHODOLOGIESBASELINE METHODOLOGYBASELINE METHODSCALCULATED EMISSIONCALCULATIONCAPSCARBONCARBON ASSETSCARBON FINANCECARBON MARKETCEMENTCEMENT PLANTSCLEAN DEVELOPMENTCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLIMATECLIMATE ACTIONCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONSCLIMATE POLICYCO2COALCOAL PLANTCOAL POWER PLANTSDISCOUNT FACTORDISTRIBUTION OF EMISSIONSDOMESTIC CARBONDOMESTIC EMISSIONSDOMESTIC EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEMSDOMESTIC PRODUCTIONECONOMIC SECTORSELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONELIGIBLE CREDITSEMISSIONEMISSION ESTIMATESEMISSION FACTOREMISSION FACTORSEMISSION LEVELSEMISSION PERFORMANCEEMISSION RATESEMISSION REDUCINGEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSION TARGETEMISSION TRADINGEMISSIONSEMISSIONS ALLOWANCESEMISSIONS BASELINEEMISSIONS BASELINESEMISSIONS CREDITSEMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATIONEMISSIONS INTENSITYEMISSIONS LEAKAGEEMISSIONS LEVELSEMISSIONS OBLIGATIONSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSEMISSIONS RELATIVEEMISSIONS SCENARIOSEMISSIONS TRAJECTORYEMISSIONS ­ LEAKAGEENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITYEQUIVALENT EMISSION REDUCTIONSFINANCIAL FLOWSFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFINANCIAL PAYMENTSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFORESTRYFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFREE ALLOCATIONFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL TYPEFUEL USEFUELSGASESGHGGHGSGLOBAL EMISSIONSGLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASGLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GAS POLICYGRID EMISSION FACTORGRID EMISSIONSGWPHOT AIRIMPORTSINTERNATIONAL CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONSINTERNATIONAL EMISSIONSINVESTMENT DECISIONSLAND USELAND USE CHANGELEVELS OF EMISSIONSMARKET CLEARING PRICEMEASURE EMISSION REDUCTIONSMITIGATION ACTIONSN2ONATURAL GASNITRIC ACIDNITRIC ACID PRODUCTIONOFFSET PROGRAMPENALTIESPERFORMANCE DATAPERFORMANCE STANDARDPERFORMANCE STANDARDSPOLICY MAKERSPOWERPOWER GENERATIONPOWER PLANTPOWER PLANTSPOWER SECTORPRODUCTION OF ENERGYREAL EMISSION REDUCTIONSREGIONAL ELECTRICITYREGIONAL ELECTRICITY GRIDREGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVERENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY FACILITIESSEQUESTRATION ACTIVITIESSURPLUS OF ALLOWANCESTOTAL EMISSION REDUCTIONSTOTAL EMISSIONSTRADABLE ALLOWANCESTRADING PROGRAMSTRANSACTION COSTSUNCERTAINTIESUNEPVEHICLEVERIFICATION OF EMISSION REDUCTIONSPMRWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/21824