Mendola, MariapiaCarletto, Gero2012-03-192012-03-192009-04-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/4094This paper examines the role of male-dominated international migration in shaping labor market outcomes by gender in migrant-sending households in Albania. Using detailed information on family migration experience from the latest Living Standards Measurement Study survey, the authors find that male and female labor supplies respond differently to the current and past migration episodes of household members. Controlling for the potential endogeneity of migration and for the income (remittances) effect, the estimates show that having a migrant abroad decreases female paid labor supply and increases unpaid work. However, women with past family migration experience are significantly more likely to engage in self-employment and less likely to supply unpaid work. The same relationships do not hold for men. These findings suggest that over time male-dominated Albanian migration may lead to women's empowerment in access to income-earning opportunities at the origin.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGADULT WOMENAGE GROUPSAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTURAL SECTORSALLOCATION OF RESOURCESBARGAININGBARGAINING POWERCAPITAL ACCUMULATIONCHILD CARECHILD CARE COSTSCONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATIONCONTROL OVER RESOURCESCOUNTRIES OF ORIGINCREDIT ACCESSCREDIT CONSTRAINTSCULTURAL NORMSDEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISABLEDDISADVANTAGED GROUPSEARNINGEARNING CAPACITYEARNINGSECONOMIC CHANGESECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC RESOURCESECONOMIC STATUSECONOMICSEDUCATED WOMENEDUCATIONAL LEVELEMPLOYEEEMPLOYEREMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT OUTCOMESEMPLOYMENT PATTERNEMPLOYMENT PATTERNSEMPLOYMENT RATEEMPLOYMENT RATESEMPLOYMENT STATUSEMPOWERMENTEXCLUSIONEXCLUSION RESTRICTIONEXOGENOUS VARIABLESEXTENDED FAMILYEXTERNAL MIGRATIONFAMILIESFAMILY DECISIONFAMILY FARMFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY REUNIFICATIONFAMILY STRUCTUREFEMALE CHILDRENFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE LABORFEMALE LABOR FORCEFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONFEMALE POPULATIONFEMALE WAGE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE WORKFERTILITYFIXED COSTSFOREIGN LABORFUTURE GENERATIONSGENDERGENDER ASPECTSGENDER BIASGENDER COMPOSITIONGENDER DIFFERENCESGENDER DIFFERENTIALSGENDER DISPARITIESGENDER EQUITYGENDER GAPGENDER INEQUALITIESGENDER RELATIONSGENDER SPECIFICGROUP OF WOMENHEAD OF HOUSEHOLDHOME LABORHOUSEHOLD ASSETSHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSHOUSEHOLD ECONOMYHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD STRUCTUREHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD WEALTHHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN CAPITALHUSBANDHUSBANDSILLNESSIMPACT OF MIGRATIONINFLOW OF REMITTANCESINFORMAL LABOR MARKETINFORMAL SECTORINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL MIGRANTINTERNATIONAL MIGRANTSINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONINVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIESJOB STATUSJOBSLABOR COMPENSATIONLABOR COSTSLABOR DEMANDLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR FORCE POPULATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET IMPACTLABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR MARKET PERFORMANCELABOR MARKET SITUATIONLABOR MARKETSLABOR MIGRATIONLABOR MOBILITYLABOR RELATIONSLABOR SUPPLIESLABOR SUPPLYLEGAL STATUSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL LABOR MARKETLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMARITAL STATUSMARKET CONSTRAINTSMARKET ECONOMYMARKET WAGEMARKET WAGESMARRIED WOMENMIGRANTMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDSMIGRANTSMIGRATION DECISIONSMIGRATION EXPERIENCEMIGRATION FLOWSMIGRATION PROCESSMIGRATION STATUSMODERNIZATIONNATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENTNATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATENEW MARKETNUMBER OF CHILDRENOCCUPATIONOCCUPATIONSOLDER WOMENOPPORTUNITY COSTSPAID WORKERPARTICIPATION BY WOMENPENSIONSPERMANENT JOBPHYSICAL CAPITALPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOTENTIAL MIGRANTSPREVIOUS JOBPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTIVITYPROGRESSPUBLIC EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICEPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENTRECEIPTREMITTANCEREMITTANCESREMUNERATIVE EMPLOYMENTRENTSRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESPECTRETIREMENTRETURNEESSECONDARY EDUCATIONSELF EMPLOYEDSELF-EMPLOYMENTSKILLED LABORSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIOLOGISTSSPOUSETECHNICAL ASSISTANCETEMPORARY MIGRANTSTEMPORARY MIGRATIONTEMPORARY WORKERSTOTAL EMPLOYMENTTOTAL LABOR FORCETRADITIONAL GENDER ROLESUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNPAID FAMILY WORKERSUNPAID WORKERSURBAN POVERTYWAGE DIFFERENTIALSWAGE EMPLOYMENTWOMANWORK FORCEWORKERWORKING WOMENYOUNG CHILDRENYOUNG MENYOUNG WOMENWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4900