World Bank2014-08-192014-08-192011-07-29https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19454This note provides an overview of demographic changes and their policy implications in Georgia, with particular reference to the poor. Georgia's population is expected to decline between 2010 and 2050, and this trend will be accompanied by a growing elderly cohort and a rising total dependency ratio. The note emphasizes four interrelated policy topics. These are labor force participation, labor force productivity, and potential cost pressures arising from the pension system and from the health sector. In each area, special attention is given to the linkages between these issues, social spending programs, and opportunities for targeting the poor. The note does not present specific policy recommendations, but instead outlines broad areas where future analytical work might be undertaken to arrive at more precise policy options. The note is structured as follows. The next section summarizes the key demographic trends underway in Georgia. Section three presents a profile of poverty and social spending by age. Section four analyzes the four policy issues listed in column two of table one. In each of these sections, the poverty reduction angle is emphasized. The final section provides a summary of the key messages, with an emphasis on policy priorities going forward.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO HEALTH CAREACTIVE LABORACTIVE LABOR MARKETACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIESACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMSADULT POPULATIONAGE DISTRIBUTIONAGE GROUPAGEDAGINGAGING POPULATIONAGING POPULATIONSAVERAGE WAGEBENEFIT LEVELBENEFIT LEVELSCANCERCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASECHILD CAREDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGEDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGESDEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURESDEMOGRAPHIC TRENDSDEPENDENCY RATIODEPENDENCY RATIOSDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDISABILITYDISABILITY PENSIONDRIVERSEARLY CHILDHOODECONOMIC GROWTHEDUCATION SYSTEMSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESELDERLYELDERLY PERSONSELDERLY POPULATIONELDERLY WOMENEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITYEXTENDED FAMILIESEXTERNAL MIGRATIONFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY SIZEFERTILITY RATEFERTILITY RATESFEWER PEOPLEFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFORMAL LABOR MARKETGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH CAREHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SYSTEMHOSPITALIZATIONHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTILLNESSIMMIGRATIONINCOME SUPPORTINFORMAL SECTORINTERNATIONAL COMPARISONSINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATIONJOB OPPORTUNITIESJOB SEARCHJOBSLABOR DEMANDLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR SUPPLYLABOURLIFE EXPECTANCYLIFE-LONG LEARNINGLIFELONG LEARNINGLONG-TERM CARELOW FERTILITYMEDICAL CAREMIGRATIONMORTALITYMOTHERNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUMBER OF CHILDREN PER WOMANNUMBER OF PERSONSNUMBER OF WORKERSOLD AGEOLD-AGEOLD-AGE PENSIONOLD-AGE PENSIONSOLDER AGE GROUPSOLDER PEOPLEOLDER PERSONPENSIONPENSION AGEPENSION BENEFITPENSION BENEFITSPENSION COSTPENSION REFORMPENSION SPENDINGPENSION SYSTEMPENSION TRANSFERSPENSIONERPENSIONERSPENSIONSPHYSICAL HEALTHPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOPULATION DIVISIONPOPULATION ESTIMATESPOPULATION INCREASESPOPULATION SIZEPOPULATION STRUCTUREPOPULATION TRENDSPREVIOUS WORKPRICE INDEXATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOL AGEPROGRESSPUBLIC POLICYREPLACEMENT RATEREPLACEMENT RATESRESPECTRETIREMENTRETIREMENT AGERETIREMENT AGESRURAL AREASSAFETY NETSAFETY NETSSCHOOL AGESCHOOL-AGE CHILDRENSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSELF-EMPLOYMENTSERVICE DELIVERYSEXSEX RATIOSEX RATIOSSEX-SELECTIVE ABORTIONSSIGNIFICANT POLICYSKILLS DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL EXPENDITURESSOCIAL PENSIONSSOCIAL POLICIESSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SECTORSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL TRANSFERSOCIAL TRANSFERSSOCIOECONOMIC STATUSSTATE UNIVERSITYTAX ADVANTAGESTRAINING OPPORTUNITIESUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNFPAUNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUNDVULNERABILITYVULNERABLE FAMILIESWAGE EMPLOYMENTWAGESWORK EXPERIENCEWORK FORCEWORKERWORKFORCEWORKFORCE SKILLSWORKING POPULATIONWORKING-AGE POPULATIONWORLD POPULATIONYOUNG ADULTSYOUTHYOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT10.1596/19454