Vijayaraghavan, K.Dutz, Mark A.2012-04-272012-04-272012-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6025This paper describes and analyzes a series of complementary policy initiatives in India to adapt and commercialize existing global biotechnologies to meet local needs in healthcare, agriculture, industry and the environment in a more affordable manner. This evolving approach has been implemented through six complementary elements, namely (1) translational research; (2) technology access through global consortia; (3) commercialization supported by public-private partnerships, broadly interpreted; (4) skills development; (5) regulation; and (6) institutional governance, including special purpose vehicles, for effective project management. The paper focuses on two public-private partnership initiatives, the Small Business Innovation Research Initiative and the Biotechnology Industry Partnership Program, which together have allocated more than US$70 million in public funding to almost 150 projects, contributing to a total public-private investment of more than $170 million over the past five years. The authors' key recommendation, to ensure effective resource use and better policy impact, is for these innovation-support initiatives to adopt more continuous monitoring with quicker feedback from learning to implementation, and more rigorous impact evaluation including approaches that allow the results of firms benefiting from support to be compared with an appropriate group of firms not benefiting from support.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO TECHNOLOGIESADAPTIVE R&DAGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGIESAGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL RESEARCHAGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE PROJECTSAGRICULTURE RESEARCHANIMALSAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIESBEST PRACTICESBIBIOLOGICAL MATERIALSBIOLOGYBIOTECHNOLOGIESBIOTECHNOLOGYBIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCHBREEDINGBUSINESS INNOVATIONBUSINESS MODELSCAPABILITIESCAPACITY BUILDINGCARBON DIOXIDECGIARCHAMBERS OF COMMERCECHEMICAL FERTILIZERSCHEMISTRYCITIESCLIMATE CHANGECOLLABORATIONCOLLABORATIVE APPLICATIONCOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGECONNECTIVITYCONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHCORNCROPCROP PROTECTIONCROP VARIETIESCROP YIELDCROPPINGDATA COLLECTIONDAY-TO-DAY MANAGEMENTDECISION-MAKINGDELIVERY OF GOODSDELIVERY SYSTEMSDISEASE CONTROLDISEASE RESISTANCEDISEASESDRAINAGEECONOMICSENGINEERSENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIESEQUIPMENTETHICSEXTERNALITIESFARMERSFEEDFERTILIZERSFIELD TRIALSFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL PERFORMANCEFINANCIAL SUPPORTFOOD PROCESSINGFOOD PRODUCTIONFOOD PRODUCTSFOOD SAFETYFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFUNDAMENTAL RESEARCHGENETIC ENGINEERINGGENETICSGLOBAL MARKETGLOBAL STANDARDSGRAINGRAIN CROPSGRANT PROGRAMSGROWTH PATHHARVESTHUMAN CAPACITYHUMAN CAPITALHUNGERHYBRIDSICRISATIMMUNOLOGYINDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONINNOVATIONINNOVATION POLICYINNOVATIONSINSECTSINSTITUTIONINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKSINTEGRATIONINTELLECTUAL ASSETSINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTERFACEINTERNATIONAL COMPANYINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVENTIONKNOWLEDGE COMMUNITIESKNOWLEDGE SHARINGLEARNINGLICENSELIFE SCIENCESMANAGEMENT SERVICESMANUFACTURINGMARKET POTENTIALMARKET PRICESMARKETINGMEDICAL DEVICESMEDICINEMOLECULAR MARKERSMONOCLONAL ANTIBODIESNATIONAL RESEARCHNEW TECHNOLOGIESNEW TECHNOLOGYNEXT GENERATIONOPEN ACCESSPEST CONTROLPESTICIDESPESTSPHYSICAL SCIENCESPLANT BREEDERSPLANT PARTSPLANT SCIENCEPOLICY SUPPORTPOSITIVE FEEDBACKPOVERTY REDUCTIONPPPSPRIORITY SETTINGPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR FIRMSPRIVATE SECTORSPROCUREMENTPRODUCT AVAILABILITYPRODUCT DELIVERYPRODUCT DEVELOPMENTPRODUCTION PROCESSESPRODUCTIVITYPROGRAMSPROJECT MANAGEMENTPROTOCOLSPROTOTYPERABIESREGULATORY AGENCIESREGULATORY AGENCYREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSREGULATORY MECHANISMSRESEARCH CENTERSRESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURERESEARCH PROGRAMSRESEARCH RESULTSRESEARCH SYSTEMSRESULTRETENTIONRICESCIENCE EDUCATIONSCIENTIFIC COOPERATIONSCIENTISTSSEED COMPANYSEEDSSILICONSILOSOIL QUALITYSOIL TYPESUGARTECHNICAL EXPERTSTECHNOLOGY ACCESSTECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGY RISKTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTELEPHONETHE CONSULTATIVE GROUPTIME FRAMETRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGYTRANSLATIONUNIVERSITIESUSERVALUE CHAINVERIFICATIONVIRUSESWATER LOGGINGWEALTH CREATIONWEBWHEATWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6022