World Bank2012-12-062012-12-062012-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/11930Five East African countries Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda have made solid progress on integrating regionally in the East African Community (EAC) since 1999. Such advances are crucial, as integration in East Africa has the potential for higher than usual benefits: Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda are landlocked, with very high costs to their economies. Successful integration will transform the five countries into one coastal, regional economy, slashing such costs. Looking at the East African integration through the lens of economic geography helps to improve sequencing of the integration process and to develop new policies to complement ongoing efforts, maximizing their benefits. Reducing disparities in provision of social services will increase the chances of workers from the inland parts of the EAC to find jobs, especially as administrative obstacles to labor mobility are being removed under the Common Market Protocol. Implementing and deepening the current program of regional infrastructure improvements will ensure that consumers and producers throughout the region are better connected to each other and to global markets. Integration policies facilitating greater economic activity in the coastal areas will help the EAC take advantage of the global demand for manufactured goods and thus to promote employment. That will also generate substantial demand for services and agricultural goods produced inland, amplifying the benefits of the customs union.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGGLOMERATION ECONOMIESAIRBONDSBORDER CROSSINGSBORDER INFRASTRUCTUREBOTTLENECKSBUSINESS CLIMATECAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITALIST ECONOMIESCASH CROPSCENTRAL BANKSCENTRAL BODYCOMMODITYCOMMODITY PRICESCOMMON MARKETCOMMON REGULATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCOMPETITIVENESSCONGESTIONCONNECTIVITYCONSUMERSCONVERGENCECOUNTRY MARKETSCURRENCYCUSTOMSCUSTOMS CLEARANCECUSTOMS PROCEDURESCUSTOMS UNIONDEBTDEMAND FOR SERVICESDEMOCRACIESDEMOCRACYDEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONSDEMOGRAPHERSDEMOGRAPHICDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONDEPENDENCY RATIODEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING ECONOMIESDEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDISCRIMINATIONDIVIDENDDOMESTIC MARKETDRIVERSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC COMMUNITYECONOMIC CONCENTRATIONECONOMIC CONVERGENCEECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIC OPPORTUNITYECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIES OF SCALEENFORCEMENT MECHANISMSEXCISE TAXESEXPORT MARKETSEXPORTSFERTILITYFERTILITY RATESFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SECTORSFISCAL POLICYFOREIGN INVESTMENTFREE TRADEFREE TRADE AREAFREIGHTFREIGHT COSTSGDPGDP PER CAPITAGLOBAL INTEGRATIONGLOBAL MARKETSGOVERNANCE INDICATORSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROSS VEHICLE WEIGHTHIGH TRANSPORTHIGHWAYHOST COUNTRIESHOST COUNTRYHOST GOVERNMENTHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTINCOMEINCREASING RETURNSINCREASING RETURNS TO SCALEINCREASING TRADEINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTINEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTIONINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSINLAND WATERWAYSINSPECTIONINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTSINSURANCEINTERNAL MARKETINTERNAL TARIFFSINTERNATIONAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINTRAREGIONAL TRADEINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONJOB CREATIONJOURNEYLABOR FORCELABOR MOBILITYLANDLOCKED COUNTRIESLANDLOCKED ECONOMIESLENDING PRACTICESLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL MARKETSLOCOMOTIVELOW FERTILITYLOWER FERTILITYMARKET ACCESSMARKET ECONOMYMARKET FORCESMIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMIESMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMOBILITYMONETARY INTEGRATIONMONETARY UNIONMORTALITYMULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONSNATIONAL AUTHORITIESNATIONAL BORDERSNATIONAL ECONOMYNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSNATIONAL MARKETSNATIONAL POLICIESNATIONAL PRACTICESNATIONAL SOVEREIGNTYNATURAL GASNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTNATURAL RESOURCESNONTARIFF BARRIERSOLD AGEOUTPUTPER CAPITA INCOMEPER CAPITA INCOMESPOLICEPOLICY FRAMEWORKPOLICY HARMONIZATIONPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY REFORMSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLITICAL INTEGRATIONPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION POLICIESPREFERENTIAL TRADEPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE SECTORPROGRESSPROPERTY RIGHTSPROVISION OF EDUCATIONRADIORADIO COMMUNICATIONRAILRAIL IMPROVEMENTSRAIL SYSTEMSRAIL TRANSPORTRAILWAYRAILWAY LINERAILWAYSREAL ESTATEREGIONAL AGREEMENTSREGIONAL BODIESREGIONAL COOPERATIONREGIONAL ECONOMYREGIONAL INSTITUTIONSREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL INTEGRATION EFFORTSREGIONAL MARKETSREGIONAL POLICYREGIONAL PROJECTSREGIONAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTSREGULATORSREGULATORY AGENCIESREGULATORY COOPERATIONREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSREMITTANCEREMITTANCESROADROADSROUTERULE OF LAWSAFETYSAVINGSSECURITY THREATSERVICE RELIABILITYSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL SERVICESTAXTAX REVENUETECHNICAL CAPACITYTECHNICAL MATTERSTECHNICAL STANDARDSTRADE INTEGRATIONTRANSACTIONS COSTSTRANSITTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTTRANSPORT CORRIDORSTRANSPORT COSTSTREATYTRIPTRUCKSUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATEURBANIZATIONVEHICLEVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONVOTERSWAGESWORKING POPULATIONWORKING-AGE POPULATIONWORLD MARKETSWORLD REGIONSYOUNG AGEWorld Bank10.1596/11930