Independent Evaluation Group2012-03-192012-03-192009978-0-8213-7850-2https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2639This evaluation is the first of a series that seeks lessons from the World Bank Group's experience on how to carve out a sustainable growth path. The World Bank Group has never had an explicit corporate strategy on climate change against which evaluative assessments could be made. However, a premise of this evaluation series is that many of the climate-oriented policies and investments under discussion have close analogues in the past, and thus can be assessed, whether or not they were explicitly oriented to climate change mitigation. Two sets of win-win policies are perennial topics of discussion in the energy sector: reduction in subsidies and energy-efficiency policies, particularly those relating to end- user efficiency. This report looks at these, and at another apparently win-win topic: gas flaring. Flaring is interesting because of its magnitude, the links to pricing policy and to carbon finance, and the existence of the World Bank-led initiative to reduce flaring.CC BY 3.0 IGOADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGEAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYAPPLIANCE STANDARDSAPPROACHATMOSPHEREBALANCEBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITYBUILDING CODESCARBON CAPTURECARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCARBON EMISSIONCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON FINANCECARBON MARKETCARBON OFFSETCARBON TAXCEMENTCEMENT PLANTCERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONCHEMICAL COMPOUNDSCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLEAN ENERGYCLEAN TECHNOLOGYCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATE POLICYCLIMATIC CONDITIONSCOALCOAL PLANTCOMBUSTIONCOMPACT FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULBSCOMPACT FLUORESCENT LIGHTSCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECONDITIONALITYCONNECTED HOUSEHOLDSCOOLING TOWERSDECISION MAKINGDEFORESTATIONDEMAND FOR ENERGYDEMAND MANAGEMENTDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDIESELDISTRIBUTION SYSTEMDISTRICT HEATINGECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC VALUEECONOMICSECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEMSEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSEFFICIENCY INVESTMENTSEFFICIENCY POTENTIALEFFICIENT EQUIPMENTEFFICIENT LIGHTINGELECTRICITYELECTRICITY PRICEELECTRICITY PRICESELECTRICITY PRICINGELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY TARIFFEMISSIONEMISSION PERFORMANCEEMISSIONSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSEMPIRICAL BASISEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEEND-USEEND-USER EFFICIENCYEND-USER EFFICIENCYENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY DEMANDENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EMISSIONSENERGY INFRASTRUCTUREENERGY INTENSITYENERGY NEEDSENERGY PLANNINGENERGY POLICIESENERGY POLICYENERGY PRICEENERGY PRICESENERGY PRICINGENERGY PRODUCTIONENERGY RESEARCHENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SERVICEENERGY SERVICE COMPANYENERGY SOURCESENERGY SUPPLYENERGY SYSTEMSENERGY TAXESENERGY USEENERGY USERSENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGEENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCESENVIRONMENTAL RISKSENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYENVIRONMENTAL TAXATIONEXPENDITURESEXTERNAL COSTSEXTERNALITIESFINANCIAL RESOURCESFLUORESCENT LIGHTSFORESTRYFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTIONFUELFUEL PRICEFUEL PRICESFUEL SWITCHINGFUEL TYPEGAS EMISSIONGAS FLARINGGAS FLARING REDUCTIONGASESGENERATING CAPACITYGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEGLOBAL EMISSIONSGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTGLOBAL INTERESTGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASESGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEATHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHYDROPOWERIMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEIMPROVEMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCYINCOMEINCOME LEVELSINSURANCEINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYINVESTMENTS IN ENERGYKILOWATT-HOURLAND USELNGMETHANENATURAL GASNITROGENNITROGEN OXIDESNITROUS OXIDEOILOIL PRICEOIL PRODUCTIONOPECORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIESOZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCESPER CAPITA ENERGYPER CAPITA INCOMEPERVERSE INCENTIVESPETROLEUMPETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIESPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPIPELINEPOLICY MAKERSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOWERPOWER COMPANYPOWER GENERATIONPOWER PLANTPOWER PRICESPOWER PRICINGPOWER SECTORPOWER SHORTAGESPOWER SYSTEMPRICE OF GASPRICE VOLATILITYPRICES OF COALPRODUCTIVITYPROMOTING ENERGY EFFICIENCYPUBLIC GOODPUBLIC GOODSREDUCING EMISSIONSRENEWABLE ENERGIESRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE GENERATIONRESOURCE USERURAL ELECTRIFICATIONSECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLYSOCIAL COSTSSTEAM HEATSULFURSULFUR DIOXIDESULFUR OXIDESSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE ENERGYSUSTAINABLE GROWTHTAXATIONTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGETECHNOLOGY ADOPTIONTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER PLANTSTONS OF CARBONTRANSPORT COSTSTURBINEUTILITIESVALUE OF ENERGYWASTEWHOLESALE PRICEWINDWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7850-2