Rogers, F. HalseyDang, Hai-Anh2013-09-262013-09-262013-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15846During Vietnam's two decades of rapid economic growth, its fertility rate has fallen sharply at the same time that its educational attainment has risen rapidly -- macro trends that are consistent with the hypothesis of a quantity-quality tradeoff in child-rearing. This paper investigates whether the micro-level evidence supports the hypothesis that Vietnamese parents are in fact making a tradeoff between quantity and quality of children. The paper presents new measures of household investment in private tutoring, together with traditional measures of household investments in education. It analyzes data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys and instruments for family size using the distance to the nearest family planning center. The estimation results show that families do indeed invest less in the education of school-age children who have larger numbers of siblings. This effect holds for several indicators of educational investment -- including general education expenditure and various measures of private tutoring investment -- and is robust to various definitions of family size and model specifications that control for community characteristics as well as the distance to the city center. Finally, the results suggest that tutoring may be a better measure of quality-oriented household investments in education than traditional measures like enrollment, which are arguably less nuanced and household-driven.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABORTIONACADEMIC PERFORMANCEACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNINGACHIEVEMENTADOLESCENT FERTILITYADOLESCENTSADULT POPULATIONAGE GROUPSAGE RANGESAVAILABILITY OF FAMILY PLANNINGBEHAVIOR CHANGEBIRTH CONTROLBIRTH ORDERBIRTHS PER WOMANBULLETINCHILD MORTALITYCHILD MORTALITY RATESCHILDBEARINGCHILDREN PER FAMILYCOLLEGE ENTRANCECOMMITTEE ON POPULATIONCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOMPULSORY SCHOOLINGCONTRACEPTIVE USECULTURAL CHANGEDEMAND FOR EDUCATIONDEMOGRAPHYDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYECONOMIC CHANGEECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC TRANSITIONECONOMICS OF EDUCATIONEDUCATED ADULTSEDUCATION DEVELOPMENTEDUCATION EXPENDITUREEDUCATION EXPENDITURESEDUCATION FINANCEEDUCATION INVESTMENTEDUCATION OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDRENEDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIESEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL EXPENDITUREEDUCATIONAL INVESTMENTSEDUCATIONAL LEVELSEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMESEDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCEEDUCATIONAL PLANNINGEDUCATIONAL QUALITYENROLLMENTENTRANCE EXAMEQUAL OPPORTUNITYEQUITABLE ACCESSEXAMEXAM PERFORMANCEEXTENDED FAMILIESEXTENDED FAMILYFAMILY INCOMEFAMILY PLANNINGFAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMFAMILY PLANNING SERVICESFAMILY SIZEFAMILY SIZESFERTILITYFERTILITY RATEFEWER BIRTHSFEWER CHILDRENFIRST CHILDFIRST GRADEGENDER DIFFERENCESGENERAL EDUCATIONGIRLSGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGOVERNMENT POLICIESHEALTH CAREHEALTH FACILITIESHIGH CHILD MORTALITYHIGH SCHOOLHIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATIONHIVHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTINCOME INEQUALITYINTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNINGINTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVESINTERVENTIONSINVESTMENT IN CHILDRENINVESTMENT IN EDUCATIONINVESTMENTS IN EDUCATIONKINSHIPLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR SUPPLYLABOUR SUPPLYLAMLEARNINGLEARNING OUTCOMESLETLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIVING STANDARDSLOWER SECONDARY EDUCATIONMAJORITY OF CHILDRENMARITAL FERTILITYMARRIED WOMENMATERNITY CAREMIGRATIONMINISTRY OF HEALTHMOTHERMOTHERSNATIONAL COMMITTEENEWSLETTERNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUTRITIONOLDER CHILDRENPAPERSPARENTAL EDUCATIONPARENTSPEER PRESSUREPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENTPOPULATION ASSOCIATIONPOPULATION CENSUSESPOPULATION CONTROLPOPULATION CONTROL POLICIESPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION POLICIESPOPULATION SUBGROUPPOPULATION SUBGROUPSPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIVATE SCHOOLPRIVATE SCHOOLINGPRIVATE TUTORINGPROGRESSPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC SCHOOLPUBLIC SCHOOLSPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONQUALITY EDUCATIONQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUALITY SCHOOLSRADIORESOURCE ALLOCATIONRETURNS TO EDUCATIONRURAL AREASRURAL VILLAGESCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL CENSUSSCHOOL COMMUNITYSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL ENROLMENTSCHOOL LEVELSCHOOL QUALITYSCHOOL SYSTEMSCHOOL YEARSCHOOL-AGESCHOOL-AGE CHILDRENSCHOOLINGSCHOOLING QUALITYSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOLSSECONDARY STUDENTSSEXSEX PREFERENCESEX-SELECTIVE ABORTIONSEXUAL BEHAVIORSINGLE CHILDSMALLER HOUSEHOLDSSOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSON PREFERENCESTUDENT TEACHER RATIOSTUDENT-TEACHER RATIOSTEACHERTEACHER QUALIFICATIONSTEACHER QUALITYTEACHER RATIOTEACHER TRAININGTEACHERSTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETELEVISIONTERTIARY LEVELTEST SCORESTRAINING COLLEGETUITIONTUTORINGTUTORSUNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATIONUNWANTED BIRTHSURBAN AREASWOMANYOUNG MENYOUNG WOMENquantity-quality tradeoffWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6487