Liu, YanyanYamauchi, Futoshi2013-01-032013-01-032012-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12078This paper examines the impact of a large supply-side education intervention in the Philippines, the Third Elementary Education Project, on students' national achievement test scores. It finds that the program significantly increased student test scores at grades 4 to 6. The estimation indicates that two-year exposure to the program increases test scores by about 4.5 to 5 score points. Interestingly, the mathematics score is more responsive to the education reform than are other subjects. The analysis also finds that textbooks, instructional training of teachers, and new classroom construction particularly contributed to these outcomes. The empirical results imply that early-stage investment improves student performance at later stages in the elementary school cycle, which suggests that social returns to such an investment are greater than what the current study demonstrates.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACADEMIC PERFORMANCEACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGEADULTSAVERAGE SCOREAVERAGE TEST SCORESBASIC EDUCATIONCLASSROOMCLASSROOM CONSTRUCTIONCLASSROOMSCOLLEGESCOMPLETION REPORTSEARLY CHILDHOODEARLY GRADESECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMICS OF EDUCATIONEDUCATION DEPARTMENTEDUCATION DEVELOPMENTEDUCATION INVESTMENTSEDUCATION MATERIALSEDUCATION QUALITYEDUCATION REFORMEDUCATION SECTOREDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATIONAL PROGRESSEDUCATIONAL QUALITYELEMENTARY EDUCATIONELEMENTARY SCHOOLELEMENTARY SCHOOLSHIGH SCHOOLSHIGHER GRADEHIGHER GRADESHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN RESOURCESINSTRUCTIONINSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALSINSTRUCTORSINTERVENTIONSLABOR MARKETSLEARNINGLEARNING ACHIEVEMENTLEARNING ACHIEVEMENTSLETLITERATURELOCAL LABOR MARKETMULTIGRADE CLASSESNUMBER OF STUDENTSNUTRITIONNUTRITION STATUSOPEN ACCESSPAPERSPERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICSPRIMARY SCHOOLSPRINCIPALSPRIVATE INSTITUTIONSPRIVATE SCHOOLSPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC SCHOOLPUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEMPUBLIC SCHOOLSPUPIL TEACHER RATIOPUPIL TEACHER RATIOSPUPIL­TEACHER RATIOQUALITY EDUCATIONRATES OF RETURNREPETITIONRESEARCH INSTITUTESCHOOL BUILDINGSCHOOL BUILDINGSSCHOOL DISTRICTSCHOOL DISTRICTSSCHOOL EDUCATIONSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL FACILITIESSCHOOL FEESSCHOOL FINANCESCHOOL PERFORMANCESCHOOL QUALITYSCHOOL YEARSCHOOLINGSCHOOLSSECONDARY SCHOOLSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSTUDENT ABILITYSTUDENT BODYSTUDENT ENROLLMENTSTUDENT OUTCOMESSTUDENT PERFORMANCESUBJECTSTEACHERTEACHER RATIOSTEACHER TRAININGTEACHINGTEACHING SKILLSTEST SCORESTEXTBOOKTEXTBOOK DISTRIBUTIONTEXTBOOK SUPPLYTEXTBOOKSTRAINING OF TEACHERSTRAINING TO TEACHERSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6246