Barroy, HeleneOr, ZeynepKumar, AnkitBernstein, David2014-12-172014-12-172014-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/20754While universal health coverage (UHC) offers a powerful goal for a nation, all countries-irrespective of income are struggling with achieving or sustaining UHC. France is a high-income country where HC is in effect universal. Health-related costs are covered by a mix of mandatory social health insurance (SHI) and private complementary schemes, while benefit packages are comprehensive, uniform, and of good quality. France provides some of the highest financial protection among countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Still, under pressure to sustain UHC without compromising equity of access, the system has been fine-tuned continually since inception. Much can be learned from France's experience in its reforms toward better fiscal sustainability, equity, and efficiency. The main purpose of the study is to assess major challenges that France has faced for sustaining UHC, and to share its experiences and lessons in addressing system bottlenecks to benefit less developed countries as they embark on the path to UHC.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABILITY TO PAYACCESS TO HEALTH CAREACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICESACCESSIBILITY OF CAREACUTE CAREALCOHOL CONSUMPTIONALCOHOLISMALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCYAMBULATORY CAREAMBULATORY SECTORBASIC HEALTH SERVICESBREAST CANCERBURDEN OF DISEASECANCER PATIENTSCAPITAL INCOMECARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCARE TECHNIQUESCATASTROPHIC HEALTH SPENDINGCERVICAL CANCERCHOICE OF PROVIDERCHRONIC DISEASESCHRONICALLY ILL PATIENTSCLINICAL GUIDELINESCLINICAL QUALITYCLINICIANCLINICIANSCLINICSCOMPETENCIESCOST CONTROLCOST OF HEALTH CARECOST OF SERVICESCOST SHARINGCOST-EFFECTIVENESSCOST-EFFICIENCYDEATHSDECISION MAKINGDELIVERY SYSTEMDENTAL CAREDENTAL HEALTHDENTAL HEALTH CAREDIABETESDIAGNOSISDIAGNOSTIC SERVICESDIRECT COSTSDOCTORSDRUG CONSUMPTIONDRUGSEMERGENCY CAREENROLLEESENTITLEMENTEXPENDITURE CONTROLFEE FOR SERVICEFEE-FOR-SERVICEFINANCIAL CONSEQUENCESFINANCIAL IMPACTFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFINANCIAL PROTECTIONFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCING HEALTH CAREFLAT RATEFREE CHOICEGAMBLINGGENERAL PRACTICEGENERAL PRACTITIONERSGLOBAL BUDGETSGROWTH OF HEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE COSTSHEALTH CARE DELIVERYHEALTH CARE FACILITIESHEALTH CARE FINANCINGHEALTH CARE NEEDSHEALTH CARE NETWORKSHEALTH CARE POLICIESHEALTH CARE POLICYHEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALSHEALTH CARE PROVIDERSHEALTH CARE PROVISIONHEALTH CARE RESOURCESHEALTH CARE SERVICESHEALTH CARE SPENDINGHEALTH CARE SYSTEMHEALTH CARE UTILIZATIONHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH COVERAGEHEALTH ECONOMICSHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH EXPENDITURE BY SOURCEHEALTH EXPENDITURE GROWTHHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH FINANCINGHEALTH INEQUALITIESHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGEHEALTH INSURANCE FUNDSHEALTH INSURANCE MARKETSHEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEMHEALTH MANAGEMENTHEALTH NEEDSHEALTH ORGANIZATIONHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROFESSIONALSHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICE PROVIDERSHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SPECIALISTHEALTH SPENDINGHEALTH STATUSHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTHCAREHIGH BLOOD PRESSUREHOSPITAL BEDSHOSPITAL CAREHOSPITAL EXPENDITUREHOSPITAL MANAGEMENTHOSPITAL SECTIONHOSPITAL SECTORHOSPITALISATIONHOSPITALIZATIONHOSPITALSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIMMIGRANTSINCOMEINCOME COUNTRIESINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME GROUPSINDEXESINDUCED DEMANDINFORMATION SYSTEMINSURANCE CONTRACTSINSURANCE COVERAGEINSURANCE PREMIUMSINSURERSLIFE EXPECTANCIESLIFE EXPECTANCYLOW INCOMEMEDICAL ACTIVITIESMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL DEVICESMEDICAL FEESMEDICAL INFORMATIONMEDICAL PERSONNELMEDICAL STAFFMEDICATIONMENTAL ILLNESSMINISTRIES OF HEALTHMONITORING MECHANISMSMORBIDITYMORTALITYNATIONAL HEALTHNATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCENATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE FUNDNURSESNURSINGNURSING HOMESNUTRITIONOUTPATIENT CAREPATIENTPATIENT OUTCOMESPATIENTSPHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIESPHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRYPHYSICIANPHYSICIANSPHYSIOTHERAPISTSPHYSIOTHERAPYPOCKET PAYMENTSPOLIOMYELITISPREGNANT WOMENPRESCRIPTION DRUGPRESCRIPTIONSPREVENTIVE CAREPRICES OF HEALTH CAREPRIMARY CAREPRIVATE CLINICSPRIVATE HOSPITALSPRIVATE INSURANCEPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTORSPROBABILITYPSYCHIATRISTSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HOSPITALPUBLIC HOSPITAL STAFFPUBLIC HOSPITALSPUBLIC INSURANCEPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SPENDINGQUALITY OF CAREREFUGEESREHABILITATIONREIMBURSEMENT RATESSCREENINGSERVICE DELIVERYSICKNESS FUNDSSMOKINGSOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCESOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEMSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SECURITY FINANCINGSURGERYTREATMENTSTUBERCULOSISUNEMPLOYMENTUSE OF HEALTH SERVICESVACCINATIONVISITSWORKERSWORKING CONDITIONS10.1596/20754