World Bank2012-06-142012-06-142008-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8084This report assesses the prospects for Turkey's youth by examining the 'school-to-work transition'. Turkey needs to invest in its young people to capture the potentially substantial dividend of today's large youth cohort. Because of the sheer number of young people, Turkey's working-age population will expand by over 800,000 every year during the next decade. This so-called 'productive population' will continue to grow until around 2020 when the demographic window starts to close. By that time, Turkey will have the population profile of an aging society. East Asia's economic miracle of the 1970s and 1980s demonstrated that a large youth cohort can propel an economy to very high growth rates. However, the experience in other regions, such as Latin America, has shown that this outcome is by no means guaranteed. Investments made now in today's children and youth will be critical in determining the extent to which Turkey benefits from this 'demographic dividend' While the potential benefits are great, so are the risks if today's large youth cohort does not find its place in tomorrow's labor market and society. The potential downside of this demographic profile is also significant. If Turkey's young people are not well prepared for the world of work and if the labor market does not generate more and better jobs for them, then this large youth cohort will be the source of social and economic pressures and tensions. Indeed, managing the transition into adulthood will be a very important factor in determining how well Turkey achieves the goals of stability, equity, and competitiveness that are at the heart of the Ninth Development Plan. In many respects, Turkey has taken important steps to prepare for this future. Today's young people are more educated and healthier than previous ones, which is a strong base to build on. Educational achievements have been notable, especially in basic education. Enrollments are up at all levels. Some important steps have been taken to modernize the labor market and to establish the foundations for employment institutions and policies suitable for an open, private-sector led economy.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCOUNTINGACTIVE LABORACTIVE LABOR MARKETACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMSADULT EDUCATIONADULT MALESAGE GROUPAGE GROUPSAGGREGATE EMPLOYMENTANNUAL POPULATION GROWTH RATECALCULATIONSCAREER COUNSELINGCAREER DEVELOPMENTCENSUSESCOMMODITYCOMMUNITY COLLEGESCONSULTATION PROCESSCROSS-SECTIONAL DATACULTURAL VALUESCURRENCYCURRICULADEMOGRAPHIC PROFILEDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONDEMOGRAPHIC TRENDSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESEARNINGEARNINGSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC IMPLICATIONSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYABILITYEMPLOYABLE SKILLSEMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONEMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONSEMPLOYER PENSIONEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT AGENCIESEMPLOYMENT CREATIONEMPLOYMENT GROWTHEMPLOYMENT IMPACTSEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT ORGANIZATIONEMPLOYMENT OUTCOMESEMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCEEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMSEMPLOYMENT PROSPECTSEMPLOYMENT RATESEMPLOYMENT STATUSENTRY POINTEXCHANGE RATEFAMILY INCOMEFAMILY RESPONSIBILITIESFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE LABORFEMALE LABOR FORCEFEMALE WORKERSFERTILITYFERTILITY RATESFINANCIAL RESOURCESFORMAL EDUCATIONFORMAL LABOR MARKETFUTURE GROWTHGENERAL PUBLICGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHIGH UNEMPLOYMENTHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATESHOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIESHOUSEWIFEHOUSEWIVESHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTILLITERACYINCOMEINCOME LEVELINCOME SUPPORTINCOME TAXESINFORMAL SECTORINFORMATION CAMPAIGNSINFORMED DECISIONSINVESTINGINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT CLIMATE ASSESSMENTJOB CREATIONJOB FAIRSJOB OPPORTUNITIESJOB SEARCHJOB SEARCH ASSISTANCEJOB SECURITYJOB VACANCYJOB-SEEKERSJOBSLABOR CODELABOR COSTLABOR COSTSLABOR DEMANDLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET ASSESSMENTSLABOR MARKET INDICATORSLABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR MARKET PERFORMANCELABOR MARKET POLICYLABOR MARKET REFORMLABOR MARKET REFORMSLABOR MARKET SITUATIONLABOR SUPPLYLABOURLABOUR FORCELACK OF INFORMATIONLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLITERACYLOCAL COMMUNITYLOCAL LABOR MARKETLOW COSTSLOW EARNINGSLOW EMPLOYMENTLOW-INCOMELOW-INCOME FAMILIESLOWER-INCOME FAMILIESMATHMINIMUM WAGEMORTALITYNUMBER OF PEOPLEOCCUPATIONSOLDER WORKERSON-THE-JOB TRAININGPART-TIME EMPLOYMENTPENSION CONTRIBUTIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOPULATION DYNAMICSPOPULATION PROJECTIONSPOVERTY REDUCTIONPREVIOUS ONESPREVIOUS SECTIONPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIVATE EMPLOYMENTPRIVATE PROVIDERSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE TRAININGPRIVATE TRAINING INSTITUTIONSPROBABILITYPROTECTING WORKERSQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUESTIONNAIRERATES OF RETURNREGULAR WORKERSRESPECTRESPONSIBILITIESRURAL AREASRURAL WOMENSCHOOL-AGE POPULATIONSECOND JOBSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOLSSERVICE SECTORSEVERANCE PAYMENTSSKILL GROUPSSKILLED WORKERSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONSSTAKEHOLDERSTAKEHOLDERSSTATE PLANNINGSUSTAINABLE GROWTHTEENSTEMPORARY EMPLOYMENTTRADE UNIONSTRAINING COURSESTRAINING PROGRAMSTRAINING SYSTEMUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCEUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFITSUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATIONURBAN AREASURBAN POPULATIONVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONVOCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONVOCATIONAL SCHOOLVOCATIONAL TRAININGWAGE DISTRIBUTIONWAGE GAPWAGE PREMIUMWAGE PREMIUMSWAGE SECTORWAGE SUBSIDIESWAGESWITHDRAWALWORKERSWORKFORCEWORKING AGEWORKING-AGE POPULATIONWORLD POPULATIONYOUNG ADULTSYOUNG MENYOUNG PEOPLEYOUNG WOMENYOUNG WORKERSYOUTH EMPLOYMENTYOUTH LABORYOUTH ORGANIZATIONSYOUTH PARTICIPATIONWorld Bank10.1596/8084