World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192009-01-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3094This report " Country Social Analysis (CSA) " focused on ethnicity and development in Vietnam is a provocative analysis of marginality in contemporary Southeast Asia. It seeks to understand the macro social and political processes, and provides an analysis of how social, political, and cultural factors influence the opportunities and constraints to more equitable, inclusive development. This study provides research findings to support both the Bank's and the government of Vietnam's goals of social inclusion for ethnic minorities and poverty reduction. Previous studies, including the Bank's Country Partnership Study for Vietnam (CPS) and the government's Socioeconomic Development Plan (SEDP), focus on four organizing principles: (1) improving the business environment; (2) strengthening social inclusion; (3) strengthening natural resource and environmental management; and (4) improving governance. This study focuses particularly on the issue of strengthening social inclusion. Part one of this summary report is a literature review that discusses background information on ethnic minorities, including their classification, history, current living conditions, and poverty outcomes. Part two presents the results of field-based research and provides in-depth analysis of six fundamental factors that explain how differences between ethnic groups contribute to remarkably different livelihood strategies and economic outcomes. Part three summarizes the policy implications of research findings, suggesting areas for further consideration.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO FORMAL CREDITACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCESS TO MARKETSACCESS TO SERVICESADBADULT EDUCATIONAFFIRMATIVE ACTIONAGE OF MARRIAGEAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSANTHROPOLOGISTSANTHROPOLOGYASSIMILATIONBARRIERS IN ACCESSBASICBILINGUAL EDUCATIONCENSUSESCHAMCHANGES IN POPULATION SIZECHILDREN PER WOMANCITIESCITIZENCITIZENSCONSERVATIONCOSTUMESCREDIT PROGRAMSCROP LANDCULTURAL CHANGECULTURAL FACTORSCULTURAL INFORMATIONCULTURAL PRACTICESCULTURESDEMOGRAPHIC DIVERSITYDEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURESDEMOGRAPHIC TRENDSDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCEDEVELOPMENT BANKDISCRIMINATIONDISSEMINATIONDROPOUTEARLY CHILDHOODEARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONECONOMIC ACTIVITIESECONOMIC OPPORTUNITYECONOMIC PROGRESSECONOMIC SUCCESSEDUCATION LEVELSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEMPLOYMENT POLICYEMPOWERMENTENDOWMENTSENROLLMENTEQUAL OPPORTUNITIESEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITYETHNIC GROUPETHNIC GROUPSETHNIC MINORITIESETHNIC MINORITYETHNIC MINORITY HOUSEHOLDSETHNOLOGISTSETHNOLOGYFAMILIESFARMERSFERTILITYFERTILITY RATEFERTILITY RATESFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONSFORMAL CREDITFORMAL EDUCATIONGENDERGENDER DIFFERENCESGEOGRAPHYGOOD GOVERNANCEGOVERNMENT CREDITGOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTSGOVERNMENT POLICIESGOVERNMENT POLICYGREATER ACCESSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE ACCESSHERITAGEHISTORIANSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEIDIMMIGRATIONIMPACT OF MIGRATIONINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENTINDIGENOUS PEOPLESINDIGENOUS POPULATIONSINDIVIDUAL MEMBERSINDUSTRIALIZATIONINEQUALITIESINEQUALITYINFORMAL CREDITINFORMATION SYSTEMINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMSINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTEKHMERLAMLAND ISSUESLAND TENURELEGAL STATUSLINGUISTICSLITERATURELIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIESLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLOANLOAN SIZELOAN SIZESLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOWER FERTILITYMARKET DEVELOPMENTMASS MEDIAMIGRANTMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMINISTRY OF LABOURMINORITYMINORITY COMMUNITIESMINORITY ETHNIC GROUPSMINORITY GROUPMINORITY GROUPSMINORITY HOUSEHOLDMINORITY LANGUAGESMINORITY POPULATIONMINORITY POPULATIONSMINORITY WOMENMISSIONARIESMUONGNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL PARKNATIONAL RESOURCESNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESNUMBER OF PEOPLEOUTSTANDING DEBTSPERCEPTIONPERCEPTIONSPOLICY ANALYSISPOLICY CHANGEPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY PROCESSPOLICY RESEARCHPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH RATEPOPULATION GROWTH RATESPOPULATION INCREASESPOPULATION MOVEMENTSPOPULATION PRESSUREPOPULATION SIZEPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY REDUCTIONPREJUDICEPRIMARY SCHOOLPROVINCIAL CAPITALSPUBLIC LIFEPUNITIVE MEASURESRATES OF POPULATIONREADINGREMITTANCESRESEARCH INSTITUTIONSRESPONSIBILITIES OF WOMENRURAL ACCESSRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL RESIDENTSSCARCE RESOURCESSCHOLARSHIPSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL CURRICULASCHOOLSSECONDARY SCHOOLSELF-CONFIDENCESLOWING POPULATION GROWTHSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL CAPITALSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL EXCLUSIONSOCIAL FACTORSSOCIAL INCLUSIONSOCIAL MOBILITYSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL SCIENCESOCIAL SCIENCESSOCIETIESSOCIETYSOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSPECIALIZATIONSTATE POLICIESSTATE UNIVERSITYSTATISTICAL DATASTEREOTYPINGSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTERTIARY EDUCATIONTHAITRADITIONTRADITIONSUNEQUAL ACCESSUNIONURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN POVERTYURBANIZATIONVILLAGEVILLAGESVULNERABILITYVULNERABLE GROUPSVULNERABLE POPULATIONSWARSWATER SUPPLIESWorld Bank10.1596/3094