Abdulloev, IlhomAudy, RobinHut, Stefande Laat, JoostKheyfets, IgorLarrison, JennicaNikoloski, ZlatkoTorracchi, FedericoAjwad, Mohamed Ihsan2014-10-082014-10-082014-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/20389This report addresses a fundamental question facing policymakers in Uzbekistan: are worker skills hindering employment outcomes? The main finding of the report is that, indeed, worker skills gaps are hindering employment outcomes in Uzbekistan. In fact, employers—particularly formal sector employers—seek workers who possess both cognitive and non-cognitive skills. The higher employability and higher wage rates among higher skilled workers is mostly explained by the use of those skills in workplaces. But, skills gaps persist, leading a large share of employers to report shortages of high-skilled workers. These shortages are resulting in high wage premiums—tertiary graduates earn on average 55 percent more than similar workers with a general secondary education. However, large variations in observed skills among adults with the same level of educational attainment indicate that formal education is failing too many people. The report outlines weaknesses in the way skills are formed in Uzbekistan. While skills are developed during different stages in the life cycle and a host of actors are involved—families, for example, play a central role—the education and training system has a mixed record in skill formation. The report argues that the government could do more to align the skills imparted through the education and training system with the needs of employers. The government can also do more to get children off to the right start by investing in early childhood development, where rates of return to investment are generally very high and important soft skills are learned. Finally, more can be done to match the supply of skills with employer demand by improving the use of information in matching skills to jobs in the labor market.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONSACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCESS TO PRESCHOOLACTIVE LABORACTIVE LABOR MARKETACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMSADULT EDUCATIONADULTSAGE COHORTAGE GROUPBASIC EDUCATIONBUS SCHEDULECITIZENSCOGNITIVE SKILLSCOGNITIVE TESTCOMPUTER SKILLSCOUNTRY OF DESTINATIONCRITICAL THINKINGCURRENT LABOR FORCECURRICULADECISION MAKINGDEPENDENCY RATIOSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISSEMINATIONEARLY CHILDHOODEARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTEARLY INTERVENTIONSECONOMIC GROWTHEDUCATED WORKERSEDUCATION DEVELOPMENTEDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATION SYSTEMSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTSELDERLYELIMINATION OF POVERTYEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENTEMPLOYABILITYEMPLOYEEEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT OUTCOMESEMPLOYMENT PROSPECTSEMPLOYMENT RATEEMPLOYMENT RATESEMPLOYMENT SHAREEMPLOYMENT STATUSENROLLMENT LEVELSENROLLMENT RATESFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE LABORFEMALE LABOR FORCEFEMALE POPULATIONFINDING WORKFIRM GROWTHFLOW OF INFORMATIONFORMAL EDUCATIONFORMAL SECTOR WORKERSFORMAL TRAININGGENERAL EDUCATIONGENERIC SKILLSGOVERNMENT POLICIESGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROSS ENROLLMENTGROSS ENROLLMENT RATEGROSS ENROLLMENT RATESGROSS NATIONAL INCOMEHIGH EMPLOYMENTHIGH POPULATION GROWTHHIGH POPULATION GROWTH RATESHIGH SCHOOLHIGHER EDUCATIONHIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSHIGHER LEVEL OF EDUCATIONHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALINDUSTRIALIZATIONINFLOW OF REMITTANCESINFORMAL ECONOMYINFORMAL EMPLOYMENTINFORMAL SECTORINFORMAL SECTOR WORKERSINTERNAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATIONINTERNATIONAL MIGRANTINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONJOB CREATIONJOB PLACEMENTJOB SEARCHJOB SECURITYJOB SEEKERSJOB VACANCIESJOB VACANCYJOBSLABOR CONTRACTLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET DEMANDLABOR MARKET INDICATORSLABOR MARKET INFORMATIONLABOR MARKET INFORMATION SYSTEMSLABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR MARKET PROGRAMLABOR MARKETSLABOR MIGRANTSLABOR ORGANIZATIONLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOURLABOUR MARKETLEARNING OUTCOMESLEGAL STATUSLIFE-LONG LEARNINGLITERACYLITERACY SKILLSLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMIGRANTMIGRANTSNATURAL RESOURCESNUMBER OF PEOPLENUMERACYOLDER ADULTSOLDER MENOLDER WOMENOLDER WORKERSON-THE-JOB TRAININGON-THE-JOB TRAINING PROGRAMOPEN UNEMPLOYMENTORAL COMMUNICATIONPARTICIPATION RATESPAYING JOBSPERSONALITYPHYSICAL HEALTHPHYSICAL WORKPOLICY GOALSPOLICY MAKERSPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH RATESPRESCHOOL EDUCATIONPRIVATE ENTERPRISESPRIVATE FIRMSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR WORKERSPROBLEM SOLVINGPROBLEM SOLVING SKILLSPRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENTPRODUCTIVITY GAINSPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTSPRODUCTIVITY INCREASEPROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONPROVISION OF SERVICESPUBLIC SECTOR WORKERSRAPID POPULATION GROWTHREADINGREAL WAGEREGIONAL COOPERATIONREMITTANCESRURAL AREASRURAL RESIDENTSRURAL WORKERSSALARIED WORKERSSCHOOL COVERAGESCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOLINGSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSSERVICE SECTORSKILL ACQUISITIONSKILL TRAININGSKILL TYPESKILLED WORKERSSKILLS ASSESSMENTSMALL BUSINESSESSTAGES OF LIFESTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISESTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISESSTUDENT ASSESSMENTTEACHINGTEACHING QUALITYTECHNICAL EDUCATIONTECHNICAL SKILLSTERTIARY EDUCATIONTERTIARY LEVELTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTRAINING PROGRAMSTRAINING SYSTEMUNEMPLOYEDUNIVERSAL ACCESSUNPAID FAMILY WORKERSWAGE EMPLOYMENTWAGE GROWTHWAGE PREMIUMWAGE RATESWORKERWORKFORCEWORKING-AGE POPULATIONWORKING-AGE POPULATIONSWORLD POPULATIONYOUNG MENYOUNG PEOPLEYOUNGER WORKERSYOUTHYOUTH LABORYOUTH POPULATION10.1596/20389