Acharya, ArnabVellakkal, SukumarTaylor, FionaMasset, EdoardoSatija, AmbikaBurke, MargaretEbrahim, Shah2013-01-252013-01-252013-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12163This paper summarizes the literature on the impact of state subsidized or social health insurance schemes that have been offered, mostly on a voluntary basis, to the informal sector in low- and middle-income countries. A substantial number of papers provide estimations of average treatment on the treated effect for insured persons. The authors summarize papers that correct for the problem of self-selection into insurance and papers that estimate the average intention to treat effect. Summarizing the literature was difficult because of the lack of (1) uniformity in the use of meaningful definitions of outcomes that indicate welfare improvements and (2) clarity in the consideration of selection issues. They find the uptake of insurance schemes, in many cases, to be less than expected. In general, we find no strong evidence of an impact on utilization, protection from financial risk, and health status. However, a few insurance schemes afford significant protection from high levels of out-of-pocket expenditures. In these cases, however, the impact on the poor is weaker. More information is needed to understand the reasons for low enrollment and to explain the limited impact of health insurance among the insured.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO HEALTH CAREACCESS TO HOSPITALADVERSE SELECTIONAGINGAGRICULTURAL INSURANCEANXIETYAVAILABILITY OF CAREBASIC HEALTH CAREBENEFICIARIESCATASTROPHIC EXPENDITURESCATASTROPHIC HEALTH EXPENDITURECHECK UPSCHILD HEALTHCHILDRENCHOICECOINSURANCECOMMUNITY HEALTHCOMMUNITY INSURANCECOMPULSORY INSURANCECOOPERATIONCOST-SHARING ARRANGEMENTSCOSTSCREDITDEATHDIABETESDOCTORSDRUGSECONOMIC REVIEWECONOMICS OF HEALTHEMPLOYMENTEPIDEMIOLOGYEQUILIBRIUMEQUITYEQUITY IN ACCESSEVALUATIONEXPENDITURESEXPERT OPINIONSFAMILIESFEESFINANCIAL PROTECTIONFINANCIAL RISKFINANCIAL RISK PROTECTIONFINANCINGFREE CAREGLUCOSEGOVERNMENT INSURANCEHEALTHHEALTH AFFAIRSHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE CENTERSHEALTH CARE COSTSHEALTH CARE COVERAGEHEALTH CARE FACILITIESHEALTH CARE FINANCEHEALTH CARE FINANCINGHEALTH CARE NEEDSHEALTH CARE PROVISIONHEALTH CARE SYSTEMHEALTH CARE USEHEALTH CARE UTILIZATIONHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH CONDITIONSHEALTH COSTSHEALTH ECONOMICSHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH FINANCINGHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAMHEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMEHEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMESHEALTH ORGANIZATIONHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROFESSIONALSHEALTH PROJECTHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH STATUSHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTH WORKERSHEALTH-CAREHOSPITAL CAREHOSPITAL SERVICESHOSPITALIZATIONHOSPITALSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHYGIENEILLNESSIMPACT EVALUATIONSIMPERFECT INFORMATIONIMPLEMENTATIONINCENTIVE STRUCTURESINCENTIVESINCIDENCEINCOMEINCOME COUNTRIESINCOME GROUPSINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATESINFORMAL SECTORINFORMAL SECTOR WORKERSINPATIENT CAREINPATIENT HOSPITALINSURANCE MARKETSINSURANCE PREMIUMSINSURANCE PRODUCTSINSURANCE SYSTEMINTERESTKNOWLEDGELIVING STANDARDSLOSSLOW INCOMELOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMANAGED CAREMARGINAL COSTMEASUREMENTMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL EXPENSESMEDICAL INSURANCEMORAL HAZARDSMORBIDITYMORTALITYNATIONAL HEALTHNATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCENATIONAL HEALTH SERVICENUTRITIONORAL HEALTHOUTPATIENT CAREOUTPATIENT SERVICESPATIENTPATIENTSPHYSICIANPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY RESEARCHPOPULATIONPOVERTYPREGNANCYPREGNANT WOMENPREVENTIVE CAREPRICE OF HEALTH CAREPRICESPRIMARY CAREPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIVATE CAREPRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCEPRIVATE INSURANCEPRIVATE SECTORPROBABILITYPROGRAMSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCEPUBLIC HEALTH POLICYPUBLIC PROVIDERSPUBLIC SECTORRANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALSRISK AVERSIONRISK SHARINGSAVINGSSCHOOL HEALTHSOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCESOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL RESEARCHSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SECURITY HEALTH INSURANCESOCIAL SECURITY HOSPITALSSOCIAL STUDIESSURGERYUNINSURED PEOPLEUSE OF HEALTH CARE SERVICESUSE OF HEALTH SERVICESVISITSWELFAREWORKERSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6324