Finger, J. MichaelNogues, Julio J.2014-08-192014-08-192001-12https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19413The Uruguay Round involved a grand North-South bargain: The North reduced import barriers, particularly in textiles and agriculture. The South adopted new domestic regulations in such areas as services and intellectual property-changes that would lead to increased purchases from the North. In mercantilist economics, apples for apples-imports for imports. In real economics, apples for oranges. The authors argue that while the North's reduction of import barriers benefits both the North and the South, the new domestic regulations adopted by countries of the South could prove costly to those countries. To begin with, the regulations will be expensive to implement. And while the cost side of their impact is secured by a legal obligation (in the case of intellectual property rights, for example, the cost is higher prices for patented goods), the benefits side is not so secured.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGREEMENT ON TRADEAGRICULTURAL EXPORTERSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL PROTECTIONAGRICULTUREANTIDUMPINGANTIDUMPING CASESBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBASE YEARBENEFIT ANALYSISBILATERAL INVESTMENTBILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIESBILATERAL TREATIESCOMPETITION LAWCOMPETITION POLICYCOMPLEMENTARY POLICIESCONCESSIONSCONSUMERSCOUNTRY PRODUCERSCURRENCYCURRENCY BOARDCUSTOMSCUSTOMS DUTIESCUSTOMS VALUATIONDEREGULATIONDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDISPUTE SETTLEMENTDISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURESDOMESTIC ECONOMYDOMESTIC REFORMDOMESTIC REFORMSDOMESTIC REGULATIONSDOMESTIC SUPPORTECONOMIC COSTSECONOMICSEMPLOYMENTEXPLOITATIONEXPORT GROWTHEXPORT PERFORMANCEEXPORT SUBSIDIESEXPORTERSEXPORTSFOREIGN CAPITALFOREIGN COMPANIESFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN POLICYFOREIGN PRODUCERSFOREIGN SUBSIDIARIESGDPGROWTH PATHIMPORT BARRIERSIMPORT RESTRICTIONSIMPORT TARIFFSIMPORTING COUNTRYIMPORTSIMPORTS OF TEXTILESINDUSTRIAL COUNTRIESINDUSTRIAL COUNTRYINDUSTRIAL GOODSINSURANCEINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIMEINTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTINTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTSINTERNATIONAL COMMUNITYINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONINTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVESTMENT DISPUTESINVESTMENT INFLOWSINVESTMENT TREATIESLIBERALIZATION OF TRADEMACROECONOMIC STABILIZATIONMARKET ACCESSMARKET LIBERALIZATIONMARKET SHAREMERCANTILISMMERCHANDISE EXPORTSMERCHANDISE TRADEMONOPOLIESMULTILATERAL TRADEMULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONSNEGOTIATING POSITIONOPENNESSPATENT PROTECTIONPATENTSPOLICY CHANGESPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOSITIVE EFFECTSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATIZATION PROGRAMPRODUCERSPROPERTY RIGHTSPROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC INTERESTPUBLIC SERVICESQUANTITATIVE IMPORT RESTRICTIONSQUOTA RENTSQUOTASRECIPROCAL TRADE AGREEMENTSREDUCING TARIFFSREFORM PROGRAMROUND AGREEMENTROUND AGREEMENTSROUND NEGOTIATIONSSAFEGUARD MEASURESSERVICE SECTORSSERVICES SECTORSSTRUCTURAL EFFECTSTRUCTURAL REFORMSTARIFF CONCESSIONSTARIFF CUTSTARIFF EQUIVALENCETARIFF EQUIVALENTTARIFF EQUIVALENTSTARIFF NEGOTIATIONSTARIFF RATESTARIFF REDUCTIONTARIFF REDUCTIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONSTRADABLE GOODSTRADE AGREEMENTSTRADE BARRIERSTRADE DEFICITTRADE DIMENSIONTRADE EFFECTTRADE LAWTRADE NEGOTIATIONSTRADE POLICYTRADE REMEDIESTRADING PARTNERSTRANSITION ECONOMIESTRANSITION PERIODTRIPS AGREEMENTURUGUAY ROUNDVALUATIONVALUE ADDEDWTOWTO AGREEMENTSWTO COMMITMENTSWTO SECRETARIAT URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDSIMPORT LIBERALIZATIONTRADE BARRIERSDOMESTIC REGULATORY FRAMEWORKSERVICESINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONMARKET ACCESSTEXTILE INDUSTRYCLOTHING INDUSTRYMERCANTILE SYSTEMCONCESSIONSPHARMACEUTICALSTRADE NEGOTIATIONSGENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS & TRADEWTO SECRETARIATURUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS10.1596/1813-9450-2732