World Bank2015-10-082015-10-082015-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22744Despite increases in availability of center based child care and preschool services in Turkey over the last decade, both the supply of services and utilization remain low. There are regional disparities in availability and the majority of children and households remain unserved in terms of child care and preschool services. This report has collected and assessed information on the supply and demand for child care services in Turkey with the objective of identifying key constraints and opportunities to expand quality and affordable access. The analysis in this report shows that current utilization of child care services cannot be construed as lack of demand for services, but rather as a lack of demand for services at existing cost and price-quality structures. Existing services that respond to the needs of working mothers are mainly private services and tend to be more expensively priced than the willingness and ability to pay of the average household. For most women the difference between earnings and the cost of care is too low to justify joining the labor force and their willingness to pay for care does not cover the current median prices for child care and kindergarten services.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOSKILLSPREPRIMARY SCHOOLSCAREGIVERSPRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENTBASIC EDUCATIONFORMAL EDUCATIONPSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTHTEACHERSCARE FOR CHILDRENSCHOOLINGCURRICULUM MATERIALSCHILD CARE CENTERSNURSERY CLASSESTUITIONEARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTENROLLMENTRURAL WOMENSKILLS DEVELOPMENTQUALITY SCHOOLSENROLLMENT RATIOGROUPSCOMPULSORY EDUCATIONCARE GIVERSGROSS ENROLLMENT RATIOPUPIL RATIOEARLY CHILDHOOD CAREGROSS ENROLMENTFAMILY MEMBERSLEARNING MATERIALSTEACHING MATERIALSPRESCHOOL CHILDRENCARE CENTERSSOCIAL ASSISTANCEDAY CARELITERACYKNOWLEDGECOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTENROLMENTSYOUNGER CHILDRENQUALITY OF EDUCATIONCHILDHOOD EDUCATIONTRAININGEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTSPECIAL EDUCATIONPRIVATE SCHOOLSCHILD DEVELOPMENTCURRICULAR ACTIVITIESFORMAL LABOR MARKETVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONLEARNINGSOCIAL PROTECTIONCHILD WELFAREPRIMARY SCHOOLCARE OF CHILDRENTEACHINGGROSS ENROLLMENTDISADVANTAGED CHILDRENACCOUNTCHILD CAREKINDERGARTENENROLMENT RATESWORKING MOTHERSACCESS TO INFORMATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLSPRIVATE ENROLMENTSEARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENTKINDERGARTENSWAGESSOCIAL SERVICESVALUESSCHOOLSBASIC NEEDSBUNK BEDSPARTICIPATIONQUALITY OF INFRASTRUCTUREAGELEARNING OUTCOMESVULNERABLE GROUPSURBAN CENTERSSPECIAL NEEDSSELF-ESTEEMAGE GROUPSPREPRIMARY EDUCATIONEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENTEARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONPRIVATE EDUCATIONOLDER CHILDRENEARLY CHILDHOODCONTINUOUS EDUCATIONPRESCHOOL EDUCATIONNATIONAL EDUCATIONCLASS SIZEGROSS ENROLMENT RATIOPRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDINGSYOUNG CHILDRENPUBLIC INSTITUTIONSCURRICULUMVERY YOUNG CHILDRENPRE-SCHOOL EDUCATIONCHILDHOOD CARECOGNITIVE SKILLSARTISTIC SKILLSCHILDRENQUALITY EDUCATIONCHILD SERVICESEDUCATIONINVESTMENTACCESS TO SERVICESRURAL AREASYOUNG CHILDCHILDREN IN PRESCHOOLCHILD CARE FACILITIESCHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTPRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATIONGIRLSPUBLIC SCHOOLSSTUDENTSLIVING CONDITIONSEARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATORSEXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIESSCHOOL BUILDINGSFEESENROLMENT RATIOWOMENENROLMENT RATECLASSROOMCLASSROOMSSECONDARY EDUCATIONMAPSCURRICULUM REQUIREMENTSPARTICIPATION RATESFAMILY MEMBERPRIVATE SCHOOLWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/22744