Gunther, IsabelFink, Gunther2012-03-192012-03-192010-04-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3762This paper combines 172 Demography and Health Survey data sets from 70 countries to estimate the effect of water and sanitation on child mortality and morbidity. The results show a robust association between access to water and sanitation technologies and both child morbidity and child mortality. The point estimates imply, depending on the technology level and the sub-region chosen, that water and sanitation infrastructure lowers the odds of children to suffering from diarrhea by 7-17 percent, and reduces the mortality risk for children under the age of five by about 5-20 percent. The effects seem largest for modern sanitation technologies and least significant for basic water supply. The authors also find evidence for the Mills-Reincke Multiplier for both water and sanitation access as well as positive health externalities for sanitation investments. The overall magnitude of the estimated effects appears smaller than coefficients reported in meta-studies based on randomized field trials, suggesting limits to the scalability and sustainability of the health benefits associated with water and sanitation interventions.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATERACCESS TO SANITATIONACCESS TO WATERBASIC SANITATIONBASIC WATER SUPPLYBEHAVIORAL CHANGEBENEFITS OF SANITATIONBETTER HYGIENIC PRACTICESBULLETINCHILD DEATHCHILD HEALTHCHILD MORBIDITYCHILD MORTALITYCHILD MORTALITY RATESCHILD SURVIVALCHILDHOOD DIARRHOEACHOLERACHOLERA EPIDEMICCONNECTIONSDEATHS OF CHILDRENDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDIARRHEADIARRHEAL DISEASEDIARRHEAL DISEASESDRINKING WATERDRINKING WATER SUPPLYEARLY CHILDHOODENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHEPIDEMIOLOGYFAMILY MEMBERSFLUSH TOILETFLUSH TOILETSFORMAL EDUCATIONGLOBAL DEVELOPMENTGLOBAL WATER SUPPLYGROUND WATERHEALTH CAREHEALTH EFFECTSHEALTH IMPACTHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH RISKHEALTH RISKSHELMINTHESHISTORICAL CONTRIBUTIONHIVHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHYGIENEHYGIENE BEHAVIORHYGIENE EDUCATIONHYGIENE EDUCATION PROGRAMSILLNESSIMMUNE SYSTEMIMPACT OF POPULATIONIMPACT ON CHILDRENIMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLYINADEQUATE WATERINFANTINFANT MORTALITYINFECTIOUS DISEASESINTERNATIONAL COMMUNITYINTERVENTIONINVESTMENTS IN SANITATIONJOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGYLACK OF WATERMALARIAMARITAL STATUSMEASLESMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMORBIDITYMORTALITYMORTALITY DECLINEMORTALITY RATESMORTALITY REDUCTIONMORTALITY REDUCTIONSMORTALITY RISKMOTHERNEW INFECTIONSNUMBER OF CHILDRENNUMBER OF PEOPLEPERSONAL HEALTHPERSONAL HYGIENEPIT LATRINEPIT LATRINESPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION STUDIESPREMATURE DEATHPROGRESSPUBLIC FACILITIESPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH IMPROVEMENTSPUBLIC LATRINEPUBLIC LATRINESPUBLIC SANITATIONPUBLIC STANDPIPESPUBLIC TAPPUBLIC WATERQUALITY OF WATERRADIORESOURCE FLOWSRESPECTRURAL AREASRURAL POVERTYRURAL RESIDENCERURAL VILLAGESSAFE DRINKING WATERSANITATIONSANITATION ACCESSSANITATION ASSESSMENTSANITATION COVERAGESANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION INVESTMENTSANITATION INVESTMENTSSANITATION TECHNOLOGYSCHISTOSOMIASISSEWAGE SYSTEMSSIBLINGSSOCIOECONOMIC STATUSSURFACE WATERSUSTAINABLE ACCESSTRANSPORTATIONTUBERCULOSISTVURBAN AREASUSE OF WATERVACCINATIONWASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTUREWATER POINTWATER QUALITYWATER SANITATIONWATER SECTORWATER SOURCEWATER SOURCESWATER STORAGEWATER SUPPLYWELLSWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONYOUNG AGEWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5275