World Bank2017-06-022017-06-022012-09-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26852This chapter highlights the growing global and European financial inclusion agenda and provides a brief assessment of vulnerability and labor market outcomes for Roma in Eastern Europe. Financial inclusion is considered by many to be among the main instruments to improve welfare, especially among the poor, which need financial services as much as, if not more, than non-poor, to reduce vulnerability and improve self-employment. Following a brief description of the main data sources used in the analysis, the chapter highlights the very high levels of vulnerability and exclusion among Roma in Eastern Europe and the poor labor market outcomes by any measure, including extremely low employment rates and high informality. Against this background, the following chapters assess financial exclusion among Roma, and self-employment levels and (credit) barriers to starting businesses. The final chapter highlights international experiences promoting comprehensive, incremental approaches to financial inclusion.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO BANK ACCOUNTSACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO FINANCEACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICESACCESS TO SAVINGSACCESSIBILITYACCOUNTINGADMINISTRATIVE COSTSADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORTADULT LEARNINGADVISORY SERVICESAFFORDABILITYAGRICULTURAL SECTORARREARSATMATMSBANK ACCOUNTBANK ACCOUNT ACCESSBANK ACCOUNTSBANK BRANCHBANK BRANCHESBANK DEPOSITSBANKING SECTORBANKING SERVICESBANKSBASIC FINANCIAL LITERACYBASIC FINANCIAL SERVICESBASIC NEEDSBENEFICIARIESBIASESBORROWINGBUSINESS DEVELOPMENTBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICESBUSINESS PLANBUSINESS SUPPORTBUSINESS TRAININGCALCULATIONCALCULATIONSCENTRAL BANKSCOLLATERALCOMMERCIAL BANKCOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMMODITYCONTRIBUTIONCONTRIBUTION PAYMENTSCONTRIBUTIONSCOOPERATIVESCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYCREDIT ASSOCIATIONCREDIT CARDCREDIT CARDSCREDIT GROUPSCREDIT MARKETSCREDIT PROVIDERSCREDIT-WORTHINESSCURRENT ACCOUNTCURRENT ACCOUNTSCURRENT PRICESDEBIT CARDDEBIT CARDSDEBTDEBT MANAGEMENTDEMOGRAPHICDEPOSITDEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONDEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONSDEPOSITSDEVELOPMENT BANKDISCRIMINATIONDISPOSABLE INCOMEDOWN PAYMENTEARNINGSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC SECURITYEDUCATION LEVELEDUCATION LEVELSEIBEMPLOYEEEMPLOYEREMPLOYERSEMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCEEMPLOYMENT STATUSENTERPRISE FINANCINGENTERPRISE PROMOTIONENTREPRENEURSENTREPRENEURSHIPENTRY POINTENTRY POINTSETHNIC GROUPEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATESEXTREME POVERTYFACILITATIONFAMILIESFAMILY BENEFITSFAMILY BUSINESSFAMILY BUSINESSESFEMALE POPULATIONFINANCESFINANCIAL ACCESSFINANCIAL ACCESS INDICATORSFINANCIAL EDUCATIONFINANCIAL EXCLUSIONFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSFINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIESFINANCIAL INTERMEDIATIONFINANCIAL LITERACYFINANCIAL LITERACY TRAININGFINANCIAL MAINSTREAMFINANCIAL PLANNINGFINANCIAL PRODUCTSFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SERVICEFINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERFINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERSFINANCIAL TRAININGFIXED COSTFIXED COSTSFORM OF SAVINGSFORMAL BANKFORMAL ECONOMYFORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICESFORMAL SAVINGSFUTURE INCOMEGENDERGENDER DIFFERENCESGENERAL POPULATIONGENERAL POPULATIONSGREATER ACCESSHOME IMPROVEMENTSHOME OWNERSHIPHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INVESTMENTSHOUSEHOLDSHOUSINGINCENTIVES TO SAVEINCOME LEVELSINDEBTEDNESSINEQUALITYINFORMATION ASYMMETRIESINFORMATION ASYMMETRYINSTALLMENTSINVESTMENT BANKJOB LOSSJOB OPPORTUNITIESLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE SURVEYLABOR MARKETLACK OF ACCESSLOANLOAN APPLICANTLOAN SIZELOCAL ENTERPRISE AGENCYLOW FINANCIAL LITERACYLOWER INCOMEMAINSTREAM CREDITMEDIUM ENTERPRISEMEDIUM ENTERPRISESMFIMICRO-CREDITMICRO-FINANCEMICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONSMICRO-LENDINGMICROCREDITMICROFINANCEMICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONMONEY TRANSFERMONTHLY INCOMEMORTGAGESNATIONAL ECONOMYONLINE BANKINGOUTREACHPAYMENT SERVICESPAYMENT SYSTEMSPENSIONPENSIONSPOINT OF SALEPOOR CLIENTSPOSSESSIONPOSSESSIONSPROBABILITYPUBLIC ENTERPRISESPURCHASING POWERQUESTIONNAIREREPAYMENTROMAROMANISAFETY NETSSAVINGSSAVINGS ACCOUNTSAVINGS ACCOUNTSSAVINGS INITIATIVESAVINGS MECHANISMSSAVINGS PRODUCTSSECONDARY EDUCATIONSELF-EMPLOYMENTSELF-EXCLUSIONSENIORSMALL BUSINESSSMALL ENTERPRISESSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL FUNDSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYSOURCE OF INCOMESOURCES OF CREDITSTART-UPSTART-UP GRANTSTART-UPSTEMPORARY EMPLOYMENTTRANSACTIONUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYED WOMENUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCEUNEXPECTED EXPENSESUNIONUNSKILLED WORKERSUTILITY BILLSVILLAGEVULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDSWATER SUPPLYWITHDRAWALWORK EXPERIENCEWORKING AGEWORKING AGE POPULATIONWORKING LIFEReportWorld Bank10.1596/26852