Lozano-Gracia, NancyYoung, CherylLall, Somik V.Vishwanath, Tara2013-01-282013-01-282013-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12173Around the world, in both developed and developing countries, policy makers use a variety of tools to manage and accommodate urban growth and redevelopment. Government officials have three main concerns in terms of land policy: (i) accommodating urban expansion, (ii) providing infrastructure, and (iii) managing density. Together, the planning for infrastructure and urban expansion, land use, and density policies combine to shape the spatial structure of cities. This paper reviews global experience on using land based instruments to accommodate urban development and financing infrastructure. The review suggests that urban transformation is most efficient when land markets are fluid, particularly when they are grounded in strong institutions that (i) assign and protect property rights, (ii) enable independent valuation and public dissemination of land values across uses, and (iii) enable the judicial system to handle disputes that may arise in the process.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGACCOUNTING STANDARDSASSETSAUCTIONSBETTERMENT LEVIESBONDSBORROWINGCAPITAL MARKETSCITIESCITIZEN PARTICIPATIONCITY PLANNINGCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCONSUMERSCREDIT MARKETSDEPRECIATIONEMPLOYMENTEQUALIZATIONGOVERNMENT DEBTHOUSINGHOUSING PROVISIONINCOMEINTEREST COSTSLAND DEVELOPMENTLAND MANAGEMENTLAND PRICESLAND PRICINGLAND SPECULATIONLAND SUPPLYLAND USELAND VALUELAWSLEGISLATIONLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOCAL COUNCILSLOCAL FINANCELOCAL FINANCINGLOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALSLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL OFFICIALSLOCAL REVENUEMANDATESMAYORSMETROPOLITAN AREASMUNICIPALMUNICIPAL ACCOUNTINGMUNICIPAL AUTHORITIESMUNICIPAL FINANCINGMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTSMUNICIPALITIESMUNICIPALITYNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSPRICE SETTINGPRICING MODELSPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTIVITYPROPERTY LAWPROPERTY RIGHTSPROPERTY TAX BASEPROPERTY TAX COLLECTIONPROPERTY TAX REVENUEPROPERTY TAXESPROVISION OF INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLICPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPUBLIC BENEFITPUBLIC FINANCINGPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC PARTICIPATIONPUBLIC PROJECTSPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC USEPUBLIC WORKSPUBLIC WORKS PROJECTSREAL ESTATE MARKETSRENTAL PROPERTYRESIDENTIAL PROPERTYREVENUE COLLECTIONRISK MANAGEMENTROADSSAVINGSSPECIAL ASSESSMENTSTAXTAX RATESTAX REVENUETAX REVENUESTAXATIONTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTURBAN AREASURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN GROWTHURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN PLANNINGURBANIZATIONUSER CHARGESVACANT LANDWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6312