Celik, YusufSeiter, Andreas2017-09-052017-09-052008https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28110Pharmaceuticals are essential to achieve health outcomes, but are at the same time a major cost factor in every health system. From a patient perspective, access to pharmaceuticals is a proxy for the functioning of the health system. With increasing economic strength, patients become more demanding with regard to access to modern, sophisticated drugs and providers become more aggressive in marketing those drugs. This paper reflects the situation in the pharmaceutical sector in Turkey, identifies critical issues, and discusses policy options based on current trends and the overall policy objectives of the Turkish government. This paper is structured as follows: chapter one gives introduction; chapter two gives overall policy objectives in the pharmaceutical sector in Turkey; chapter three presents institutional and regulatory framework; chapter four presents reimbursement rules; chapter five focuses on governance issues in the pharmaceutical sector; chapter six gives market overview; chapter seven gives payment for pharmaceuticals in Turkey; chapter eight presents prescribing practices - rational use of medicines; and chapter nine gives conclusions and way forward.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO PHARMACEUTICALSAGGRESSIVEAGINGANTIBIOTICSBASIC HEALTH CAREBRANDBRAND LOYALTYBRAND NAMEBRAND NAME DRUGSBRANDSBRIBERYBURDEN OF DISEASECHEMISTSCHRONIC DISEASESCLINICAL BENEFITCLINICAL PRACTICECLINICAL TRIALSCOMPETITIVENESSCONSUMER PROTECTIONCONTROLLED SUBSTANCESCORRUPTIONCOST EFFECTIVENESSCOST INCREASECOUNTERFEIT DRUGSCRIMEDECISION MAKINGDIAGNOSINGDOCTORSDRUG ADMINISTRATIONDRUG LAWDRUG PRICESEMPLOYMENTESSENTIAL DRUGSEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURESFRAUDGENERIC DRUG COMPANIESGENERIC DRUGSGENERIC PRODUCTSGENERIC SUBSTITUTIONGMPGOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICESGREY MARKETGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE EXPENDITURESHEALTH CARE MANAGEMENTHEALTH CARE SERVICESHEALTH ECONOMICSHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH INSURANCE COMPANIESHEALTH INSURERSHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH STRATEGYHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTHCAREHEALTHCARE SERVICESHEROINHOSPITALSILL PEOPLEILLNESSIMPORTED DRUGSINCOMEINSURANCE COVERAGEINTEGRATIONLAWSLEUKEMIAMARKET ACCESSMARKET ENTRYMARKET PRICEMARKET RESEARCHMARKET SHAREMARKETINGMEDICAL SERVICESMEDICINEMEDICINESMINISTRIES OF HEALTHNARCOTICSNURSESNUTRITIONOUTPATIENT SERVICESPACKAGINGPATENTSPATIENTPATIENT EDUCATIONPATIENTSPAYMENT TERMSPHARMACEUTICALPHARMACEUTICAL CONSUMPTIONPHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRYPHARMACEUTICAL INSPECTIONPHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERSPHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURINGPHARMACEUTICAL MARKETSPHARMACEUTICAL POLICYPHARMACEUTICAL PRICESPHARMACEUTICAL PRICINGPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTSPHARMACEUTICAL SECTORPHARMACEUTICALSPHARMACIESPHARMACISTSPHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSISPHARMACOECONOMIC STUDIESPHARMACOECONOMICSPHARMACOLOGISTSPHARMACOLOGYPHARMACYPHYSICIANPHYSICIANSPRESCRIPTIONSPRICE ADJUSTMENTSPRICE CHANGESPRICE COMPARISONPRICE COMPETITIONPRICE INCREASEPRICE LEVELSPRICE LISTPRIMARY CAREPRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCEPRIVATE PHARMACIESPROCUREMENTPSYCHOTROPIC DRUGSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HOSPITALSPURCHASINGQUALITY OF CARERATIONAL DRUG USERATIONAL USE OF DRUGSREBATESREGULATORY AUTHORITIESRETAILRETAIL PHARMACIESRETAIL PRICERETAIL PRICESSALESALESSTOCKSSUBSTITUTESUPPLY CHAINSURGERYTENDERINGTHERAPIESTREATMENT GUIDELINESTREATMENTSVISITSWAREHOUSEWAREHOUSESWHOLESALERWHOLESALERSWORKERSReportWorld Bank10.1596/28110