World Bank2014-04-072014-04-072012-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17668Research suggests that teacher quality is the main school-based predictor of student achievement and that several consecutive years of outstanding teaching can offset the learning deficits of disadvantaged students (Hanushek and Rivkin, 2006; Nye et al, 2004; Park and Hannum, 2001; Rivkin et al, 2005; Rockoff, 2004; Sanders, 1998; Sanders and Rivers 1996; and Vignoles et al, 2000). However, it is not yet clear exactly which teacher policies can raise teacher effectiveness (Goldhaber, 2002 and Rivkin et al, 2005). Thus, devising effective policies to improve teaching quality remains a challenge. There is increasing interest across the globe to attract, retain, develop and motivate great teachers. While the World Bank has ample experience in supporting teacher policy reforms in developing countries, until recently there was no systematic effort to offer data and analysis that can provide policy guidance on teacher policies. The focus of the initiative is the design of teacher policies as opposed to their implementation on the ground. A number of complementary activities will be looking at implementation in a sample of countries as this will involve a different methodological approach and will require more financial and human resources.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTACADEMIC PERFORMANCEACCREDITATIONACHIEVEMENT DATAACHIEVEMENT TESTSBASIC SKILLSBEGINNING TEACHERSBETTER TEACHERSBUSINESS SCHOOLCAREERCAREER OPPORTUNITIESCAREER PATHSCAREERSCERTIFIED TEACHERSCLASS SIZECLASSROOMCLASSROOM CHARACTERISTICSCLASSROOM EXPERIENCECLASSROOM INSTRUCTIONCLASSROOM MANAGEMENTCLASSROOM PRACTICECLASSROOM TEACHINGCLASSROOMSCURRICULACURRICULUMDECENTRALIZATIONDECENTRALIZATION OF EDUCATIONDISADVANTAGED POPULATIONSDISADVANTAGED STUDENTSEARLY GRADESECONOMICS OF EDUCATIONEDUCATION ECONOMICSEDUCATION FINANCEEDUCATION OUTCOMESEDUCATION POLICYEDUCATION QUALITYEDUCATION REFORMEDUCATION REFORMSEDUCATION SECTOREDUCATION SYSTEMEDUCATION SYSTEMSEDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTEDUCATIONAL EVALUATIONEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMESEDUCATIONAL OUTPUTEDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCEEDUCATIONAL POLICYEDUCATIONAL QUALITYEDUCATIONAL RESEARCHEDUCATIONAL TESTINGEDUCATORSEFFECTIVE TEACHERSEMPLOYMENTENTRY REQUIREMENTSEQUAL OPPORTUNITYETHICSEVALUATION OF EDUCATIONEXAMSEXPENDITURESEXPERIENCED TEACHERSGENDER DIFFERENCESGRADINGGRADUATION RATESHIGH SCHOOLHIGH SCHOOLSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESINCENTIVES FOR TEACHERSINSTRUCTIONINSTRUCTIONAL TIMEINTERVENTIONSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETSLEADERSHIPLEARNINGLEARNING ACHIEVEMENTLEARNING LEVELSLEARNING OUTCOMESLESSON PLANNINGLETLITERATUREMASTER TEACHERSMATH TEACHERSMIDDLE SCHOOLNATIONAL ASSESSMENTSNATIONAL CURRICULUMNATIONAL UNIVERSITYNUMBER OF TEACHERSPAPERSPEDAGOGYPRESERVICE TEACHER TRAININGPRESERVICE TRAININGPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERSPRIVATE SCHOOLSPROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTPUBLIC SCHOOLPUBLIC SCHOOLINGPUBLIC SCHOOLSPUPIL PERFORMANCEPUPIL-TEACHER RATIOQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUALITY OF TEACHERSQUALITY TEACHERSREADINGRESEARCH REPORTSANITATIONSCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENTSCHOOL ADMINISTRATORSSCHOOL AUTONOMYSCHOOL DISTRICTSCHOOL EFFECTIVENESSSCHOOL EFFECTSSCHOOL EXPERIENCESCHOOL FINANCESCHOOL HEADSSCHOOL HOURSSCHOOL LEADERSSCHOOL LEVELSCHOOL MANAGEMENTSCHOOL OWNERSSCHOOL PERFORMANCESCHOOL PRINCIPALSSCHOOL QUALITYSCHOOL STUDENTSSCHOOL SYSTEMSSCHOOL TEACHERSCHOOL TEACHERSSCHOOL YEARSCHOOLINGSCHOOLING QUALITYSCHOOLSSCIENCE ACHIEVEMENTSCIENCE TEACHERSSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTSSECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERSECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERSSERVICE TRAININGSKILLED TEACHERSSMALL SCHOOLSSOCIAL SCIENCESOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCHSTUDENT ACHIEVEMENTSTUDENT LEARNINGSTUDENT LEARNING ASSESSMENTSTUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMESSTUDENT OUTCOMESSTUDENT PERFORMANCESTUDENT POPULATIONSTUDENT POPULATIONSSTUDENT TEACHERSSTUDENTS PER TEACHERSUBJECT MATTERSUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGESUBJECTSTEACHERTEACHER ABSENTEEISMTEACHER ATTRITIONTEACHER BEHAVIORTEACHER CERTIFICATIONTEACHER DEVELOPMENTTEACHER EDUCATIONTEACHER EDUCATION REFORMTEACHER EFFECTIVENESSTEACHER EVALUATIONTEACHER HIRINGTEACHER INCENTIVESTEACHER KNOWLEDGETEACHER MANAGEMENTTEACHER MOBILITYTEACHER ORGANIZATIONSTEACHER PAYTEACHER PERFORMANCETEACHER PERFORMANCE APPRAISALTEACHER PREPARATIONTEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTTEACHER QUALIFICATIONSTEACHER QUALITYTEACHER RECRUITMENTTEACHER SALARIESTEACHER SHORTAGETEACHER SHORTAGESTEACHER SUPPLYTEACHER SUPPORTTEACHER TRAININGTEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMSTEACHER TURNOVERTEACHER UNIONSTEACHER WORKFORCETEACHERSTEACHINGTEACHING ASSIGNMENTSTEACHING EXPERIENCETEACHING FORCETEACHING PERFORMANCETEACHING QUALITYTEACHING STAFFTENURETEST SCORESTEXTBOOKTRAINING PROGRAMSUNIVERSITY GRADUATESURBAN SCHOOLURBAN SCHOOLSWORKERSYOUTH10.1596/17668