Damme, Wim VanPirard, MarjanAssefa, YibeltalVan Olmen, Josefien2013-05-292013-05-292010-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13611Recently, there has been broad consensus in the global health community on the need for health systems strengthening (HSS) to make further progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is still divergence on how HSS should be framed, what HSS practically entails, and how it should be done. We set out to clarify HSS for managers of disease control programs (DCPs). In September 2000, the United Nations created a new movement in the fight against poverty: 189 countries in the General Assembly expressed their commitment to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the Millennium Declaration (World Health Organization 2004). The recognition of health as one of the key determinants of human development is translated in three health-related MDGs. MDG 4 and 5 focus respectively on children and women as priority target groups, and MDG 6 focuses on priority diseases (HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other major diseases), representing the bulk of the disease burden in low-income countries. In section two, the author first focuses on how national health systems can be understood, with their strengthening in mind, with a special focus on service delivery and on its pluralistic nature. In section three, the author uses the Anna Karenina principle to explain an approach to health systems assessment at the national level. Finally, in section four, the author develops an approach on how Disease Control Program (DCP) can contribute to Health systems Strengthening (HSS) at country level.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOALLOCATION OF RESOURCESANTENATAL CAREAPPENDICITISBIG CITIESBLUEPRINTBREASTFEEDINGBURDEN OF DISEASECARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCATASTROPHIC HEALTH EXPENDITURECHILD BIRTHCHILD SURVIVALCHILDHOOD ILLNESSCHILDHOOD VACCINATIONCITIESCITIZENSCLINICAL SERVICESCLINICSCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESCOMMUNITY CLINICSCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOUNSELINGDETERMINANTS OF HEALTHDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDIABETESDIAGNOSESDIAGNOSISDIAGNOSTICSDIARRHEADISEASE CONTROLDISEASE PATTERNSDISEASE PREVENTIONDRUGSEMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CAREESSENTIAL MEDICINESFAMILIESFAMILY PLANNINGFIGHT AGAINST POVERTYFINANCIAL INCENTIVEFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFINANCIAL PROTECTIONGENERAL HEALTH SYSTEMGLOBAL HEALTHGOOD GOVERNANCEHEALTH AUTHORITIESHEALTH BUDGETSHEALTH CARE DELIVERYHEALTH CARE FINANCINGHEALTH CARE SERVICESHEALTH CARE SYSTEMHEALTH CARE WORKERSHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH CENTREHEALTH DELIVERYHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH FINANCINGHEALTH FINANCING SYSTEMHEALTH FOR ALLHEALTH INFORMATIONHEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMHEALTH INITIATIVESHEALTH INSTITUTIONSHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH MANAGEMENTHEALTH ORGANIZATIONHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH POSTSHEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH PROFESSIONALSHEALTH PROGRAMSHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICE DELIVERYHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEM FINANCINGHEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENINGHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTH SYSTEMS STRENGTHENINGHEALTH WORKERSHEALTH WORKFORCEHEALTH ­ EDUCATIONHEPATITISHEPATITIS BHIGH DISEASE BURDENHIVHIV PREVENTIONHIV/AIDSHOME CAREHOSPITALHOSPITAL BEDSHOSPITAL SERVICESHOSPITALIZATIONHOSPITALIZATIONSHOSPITALSHOUSEHOLD LEVELHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESILLNESSIMMUNIZATIONIMMUNIZATIONSIMPROVEMENT OF HEALTHINCOMEINDIVIDUAL HEALTHINEQUITIESINFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMED CHOICEINSURANCEINSURANCE SYSTEMSINTEGRATIONINTERVENTIONLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABORATORY SERVICESLAWSLEPROSYLOCAL HEALTH SYSTEMSLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMALARIAMALARIA CASESMALARIA CONTROLMANAGED CAREMATERNAL HEALTHMATERNAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONSMEASLESMEDICAL ATTENTIONMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL SUPPLIESMEDICINESMIDWIFESMIGRATIONMILLENNIUM DECLARATIONMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMINISTRY OF HEALTHMOTHERMOTHER TO CHILDMOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSIONNATIONAL HEALTHNATIONAL HEALTH POLICYNATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMNATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMSNATIONAL LEVELNATURE OF HEALTHNEGATIVE EFFECTSNEWBORNNONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASESNURSESNUTRITIONOPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONSPARTICULAR COUNTRYPATIENTPATIENT INFORMATIONPATIENTSPERSONAL CHOICEPERSONAL HEALTHPHARMACEUTICALSPHARMACIESPHARMACYPNEUMONIAPOCKET PAYMENTSPOLICY GUIDANCEPOLICY MAKERSPOLIOPOLIO ERADICATIONPOSITIVE SPILLOVERSPREGNANCYPREGNANT WOMENPREPAYMENT SCHEMESPRIMARY CAREPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPROGRESSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH CAREPUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEMPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICESQUALITY CAREQUALITY CONTROLQUALITY OF CAREREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESOURCE MOBILIZATIONROTAVIRUSRULE OF LAWRURAL AREASSAFE DRINKING WATERSANITATIONSCHISTOSOMIASISSERVICE PROVIDERSSKILLED ATTENDANTSKILLED ATTENDANTSSOCIAL GROUPSOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCESOCIAL INSTITUTIONSSOCIAL JUSTICESOCIAL SECTORSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL WORKERSSPILLOVERSUPPLY SYSTEMSSURGERYSYMPTOMTBTB CONTROLTETANUSTHERAPYTRADITIONAL HEALERSTREATMENTTROPICAL DISEASESTROPICAL MEDICINETRYPANOSOMIASISTUBERCULOSISUNIVERSAL ACCESSURBAN AREASVACCINATIONVACCINATIONSVACCINEVACCINESVISIONWORKERSWORKING CONDITIONSWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONWorld Bank10.1596/13611