Fang, Ke2014-01-292014-01-292013-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16699China is already the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, and transport is the fastest-growing source of these emissions. The international energy agency estimates that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from China's light-duty transport fleet will rise from 65 mega tones (MT) in 2005 to nearly 300 MT in 2020, an increase of 290 percent. In addition to contributing to global climate change, the rapid adoption of motor vehicles in China is also causing growing urban congestion and air pollution. Indeed, national level policy makers have begun to shift directions towards promoting public transport and providing safe environments for walking and cycling as way to improve urban accessibility and address local, national, and global environmental concerns. Yet, despite this shift at the national level, many municipalities lack the tools, knowledge, and resources to effectively address these issues. This publication aims to bridge that knowledge gap by providing a guide on how to improve non-motorized transport (NMT), which is walking and cycling, at the neighborhood scale. The neighborhood is the basic unit of urban development, and as such, in aggregate, neighborhoods' spatial arrangements and physical forms have a high impact on citywide transport practices. The publication centers on explaining a series of basic urban design concepts and features that make NMT-friendly neighborhoods, and therefore can help improve accessibility, and reduce CO2 emissions and pollution. In a first section, seven basic concepts that make up a NMT-friendly neighborhood are described in a concise manner, and images of how they have been implemented all around the world are provided as examples. In second section, a case study of applying those concepts on a real neighborhood development project is presented, to showcase the contrast of traditional neighborhood development practices in China and NMT-friendly, low carbon neighborhood development.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESSIBILITYAIRAIR POLLUTIONAPARTMENTSBICYCLE FACILITIESBICYCLE LANESBICYCLE PATHSBICYCLE TRAVELBICYCLESBICYCLISTSBIKE BOXESBIKE LANESBIKE PARKINGBIKESBRIDGEBUSBUS COMPANIESBUS LINESBUS ROUTESBUS SERVICEBUS STATIONSBUS STOPBUS STOPSBUS SYSTEMBUSESCARCAR DRIVERSCAR MODE SHARECAR OWNERSHIPCAR OWNERSHIP GROWTHCAR PARKINGCAR SHARECAR TRAFFICCAR TRIPSCAR USECARBON SAVINGSCARSCITIESCOMMUNITIESCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCONSTRUCTIONCROSSINGCROSSINGSCROSSWALKSCURB RADIICURBSCYCLINGCYCLISTSDESCRIPTIONDRIVINGELEVATED ROADEMISSIONSFLOOR AREAFLOOR AREA RATIOFLOOR SPACEGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGREEN SPACEGREENHOUSE GASESHIGH CAR USEHIGH QUALITY PUBLIC TRANSPORTHIGHWAYSHOSPITALSHOUSEHOLDSINCOMEINTERSECTIONINTERSECTIONSJUNCTIONSLAND USELAND USE MIXLANDSCAPINGLONG DISTANCESMASS TRANSITMASS TRANSIT STATIONSMASS TRANSIT SYSTEMMIXED TRAFFICMIXED USEMOBILITYMODAL SPLITMODE SHIFTMODES OF TRANSPORTMOTOR VEHICLEMOTOR VEHICLE LANESMOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFICMOTOR VEHICLESMOTORIZED TRANSPORTNEIGHBORHOODNEIGHBORHOODSNMTOCCUPANCYPARKING FACILITIESPARKING PLACESPASSENGERSPEDESTRIANPEDESTRIAN BARRIERSPEDESTRIAN ENVIRONMENTPEDESTRIAN EXPERIENCEPEDESTRIAN PATHSPEDESTRIANSPUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSPUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICEPUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICESRAPID TRANSITRESIDENTIAL AREASRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSROADROAD NETWORKROADSROUTEROUTESSAFE WALKINGSAFETYSAFETY FOR CYCLISTSSHARINGSHOPSSIDEWALKSSPEEDSPEED BUMPSSPEED LIMITSPEED LIMITSSPEEDSSTREET CROSSINGSSTREET DESIGNSTREET FURNITURESTREET NETWORKSTREET PARKINGSTREET TRAFFICSTREETSTRAFFIC CALMINGTRAFFIC CALMING MEASURESTRAFFIC DATATRAFFIC FLOWTRAFFIC POLICETRAFFIC VOLUMETRAFFIC VOLUMESTRANSIT ACCESSTRANSIT CORRIDORTRANSIT STATIONTRANSIT STATIONSTRANSPORTTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION PLANNERSTRANSPORTATION PLANNINGTRAVEL DEMANDTRAVEL DISTANCETRIPSUNDERGROUNDURBAN CONGESTIONURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN PLANNINGURBAN TRANSPORTURBANISMVEHICLE LANESWALKINGWALKING DISTANCEWorld Bank10.1596/16699