Sangraula, PremRavallion, MartinChen, Shaohua2012-06-062012-06-062007-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7277The authors provide new evidence on the extent to which absolute poverty has urbanized in the developing world, and the role that population urbanization has played in overall poverty reduction. They find that one-quarter of the world's consumption poor live in urban areas and that the proportion has been rising over time. By fostering economic growth, urbanization helped reduce absolute poverty in the aggregate but did little for urban poverty. Over 1993-2002, the count of the "$1 a day" poor fell by 150 million in rural areas but rose by 50 million in urban areas. The poor have been urbanizing even more rapidly than the population as a whole. Looking forward, the recent pace of urbanization and current forecasts for urban population growth imply that a majority of the poor will still live in rural areas for many decades to come. There are marked regional differences: Latin America has the most urbanized poverty problem, East Asia has the least; there has been a "ruralization" of poverty in Eastern Europe and Central Asia; in marked contrast to other regions, Africa's urbanization process has not been associated with falling overall poverty.CC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE POVERTYAGGREGATE POVERTYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONBASIC NEEDSCHANGES IN POVERTYCHILD HEALTHCITIESCITIZENSCONSUMPTION DATACONSUMPTION EXPENDITURECOUNTRY DATACOUNTRY LEVELCUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTIONDATA SETSDECOMPOSABLE POVERTYDECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURESDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGEDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING REGIONSDEVELOPING WORLDDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT INDICATORSDEVELOPMENT POLICYDEVELOPMENT REPORTDEVELOPMENT RESEARCHDISTRIBUTION DATADISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGEDISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGESDISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTDISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTSDISTRIBUTIONAL IMPLICATIONSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INEQUALITYECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC TRANSITIONEMPIRICAL RESULTSERROR TERMESTIMATED COEFFICIENTESTIMATED ELASTICITYEXCHANGE RATESEXTREME POVERTYFIXED EFFECTSFOOD BUNDLEFOOD GOODSFOOD POLICYFOOD POVERTYFOOD POVERTY LINEGLOBAL POVERTYGROWTH ELASTICITYGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESHIGHER INEQUALITYHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITAHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHOUSINGINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME INEQUALITYINEQUALITY MEASURESINEQUALITY WILLINFANTINFANT MORTALITYINFANT MORTALITY RATESINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTEINTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINEINTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINESLABOR MARKETSLEVEL OF POVERTYLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL POVERTY LINESLOW SHARELOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMEAN INCOMEMEASUREMENT OF POVERTYMEASURING POVERTYMICRO DATAMIGRANTMIGRATIONMIGRATION PROCESSNATIONAL ACCOUNTSNATIONAL POVERTYNATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCILNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES0 HYPOTHESISNUMBER OF PEOPLEPACE OF URBANIZATIONPER CAPITA CONSUMPTIONPOINT DECLINEPOLICY ISSUESPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOORPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR LIVINGPOOR PEOPLEPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENTPOPULATION DATAPOPULATION DIVISIONPOPULATION DYNAMICSPOPULATION FORECASTSPOPULATION SHAREPOPULATION SHIFTPOPULATION SHIFTSPOPULATION SIZEPOVERTY ASSESSMENTPOVERTY ASSESSMENTSPOVERTY COMPARISONSPOVERTY GAPPOVERTY GAP INDEXPOVERTY INCIDENCEPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY MEASUREPOVERTY MEASUREMENTPOVERTY MEASURESPOVERTY PROFILEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCTIONPROGRESSPUBLIC SERVICESPURCHASING POWERPURCHASING POWER PARITYRATE OF GROWTHREDUCTION IN POVERTYRELATIVE IMPORTANCERELATIVE PRICESREMITTANCESRESPECTRICHER COUNTRIESRURALRURAL AREASRURAL CONSUMERSRURAL GROWTHRURAL HEADCOUNTRURAL HEADCOUNT INDEXRURAL INFRASTRUCTURERURAL LABORRURAL MIGRANTSRURAL POORRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POVERTYRURAL POVERTY INCIDENCERURAL POVERTY LINERURAL POVERTY LINESRURAL POVERTY RATERURAL POVERTY RATESRURAL POVERTY REDUCTIONRURAL RESIDENTSRURAL SECTORRURAL SECTORSRURAL WORKERSSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL SCIENCESSUB-SAHARAN AFRICATOTAL POVERTYTRANSITION PROCESSURBAN AREASURBAN GROWTHURBAN POORURBAN POPULATIONURBAN POPULATION DYNAMICSURBAN POPULATION GROWTHURBAN POVERTYURBAN POVERTY REDUCTIONURBAN RESIDENTSURBAN SECTORURBAN TRANSITIONURBANIZATIONURBANIZATION OF POVERTYURBANIZATION PROCESSURBANIZED COUNTRIESWELFARE INDICATORWELFARE MEASUREWORLD POPULATIONWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4199