World Bank2013-06-062013-06-062012-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13808Over the past decade, Cambodia improved the skills of its workforce at a slower rate than other countries in East Asia. And, although Cambodia's firms do not perceive skills as their main business constraint, skills shortages may negatively affect the process of both industrial and agricultural upgrading and economic diversification. Employers point to a structural imbalance in skills supply, including a relative shortage of vocational training graduates compared to university graduates. This report provides valuable insight for Cambodia to develop the skills necessary to match the country's development aspiration. At the same time, it outlines specific actions to create opportunities for access to information in the skills market, to expand household-oriented interventions, to improve school retention, and to strengthen second-chance options - including technical and vocational education and training. This report further proposes how to expand financing for early childhood development effectively, to strengthen institutions, and to promote incentives toward better results among skills providers, including higher education institutions. The analysis in this report represents an important collaborative contribution to Cambodia's growth strategy and human development agenda.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOacademic yearaccess to informationaccreditationadultsadvanced trainingbasic educationbasic learningbasic literacybasic skillsBiologycareercareer choicescareer counselingcareer opportunitiescareerscertification systemchildren in schoolscivil serviceclassroomcognitive developmentcompletion ratescomputer literacycounselingcounselorscreative thinkingcurriculacurriculumDecentralizationdisciplinesEarly Child Developmentearly childhoodearly childhood developmentearly years of lifeeducated workerseducation enrollmentseducation expenditureeducation for alleducation levelEducation Managementeducation providersEducation Sectoreducation serviceseducation spendingeducation systememotional developmentemployment opportunitiesemployment outcomesenrollment rateenrollment ratesequitable accessfemale studentsfields of studyforeign languagesformal traininggraduate studentsGraduate unemploymentgraduation ratesGross enrollment rateshard scienceshigh schoolhigher educationhigher education enrollmentsHigher education financinghigher education institutionshigher education supplyhigher education systemhigher productivityhousehold surveyshuman capitalhuman capital investmenthuman developmenthuman resource developmenthuman resourcesincome generationInformation accessInformation Technologyinstitutions of higher educationinstructioninternshipsinterventionsjob marketjob opportunitiesjob seekerslabor forcelabor market information systemslabor marketsleadershiplearnerslearninglearning achievementslearning outcomeslevel of educationlife skillslifelong learningliteracyliteraturelow literacy rateMathematicsmental developmentMinistry of Educationmobilitynet enrollmentnew entrantsnon-formal trainingnonformal trainingNumber of studentsnumeracynutritionoccupational skillsoccupationsPapersperformance indicatorsPhysicspost-secondary educationprimary completionprimary completion ratePrimary educationprimary enrollmentprimary gross enrollmentprimary levelPrimary Lower secondaryPrimary net enrollment ratePrimary pupilprimary schoolprimary school attendanceprimary studentsprintingprivate expenditureprivate institutionsprivate partnershipsproblem solvingProfessional Schoolspublic institutionspupil-teacher ratiopupil-teacher ratiosquality assurancequality of educationquality teachingradioreform of educationrepetitionrole playingrural areasscholarship programscholarshipsschool attendanceschool curriculumschool levelschool retentionschool systemschool teachersschoolingschoolsSecondary educationsecondary schoolsecondary school teacherssecondary schoolssecondary studentsskilled laborskilled labor forceskilled workersskilled workforceskills developmentskills for employmentSocial scienceSocial sciencesSportsstudent assessmentTeacherteacher trainingTeachersteachingteaching methodstechnical assistancetechnical skillsTechnical Trainingtertiary educationtertiary enrollmenttertiary graduatestertiary institutionstertiary leveltraineestraining centerstraining centrestraining coststraining fundstraining institutionstraining needstraining opportunitiestraining programstraining servicesuniversal accessuniversitiesuniversity educationuniversity graduatesVeterinary Medicinevocational educationvocational skillsVocational Trainingvocational training centresWork experienceyoung peopleYouthWorld Bankhttps://doi.org/10.1596/13808