Sutton, William R.Srivastava, Jitendra P.Neumann, James E.Iglesias, AnaBoehlert, Brent B.2013-10-252013-10-252013-10-03978-1-4648-0045-010.1596/978-1-4648-0045-0https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16199Changes in climate and their impact on agricultural systems and rural economies are already evident throughout Europe and Central Asia (ECA). Adaptation measures now in use in Moldova, largely piecemeal efforts, will be insufficient to prevent impacts on agricultural production over the coming decades. There is growing interest at country and development partner levels to have a better understanding of the exposure, sensitivities, and impacts of climate change at farm level, and to develop and prioritize adaptation measures to mitigate the adverse consequences. The approach of this volume is predicated on strong country ownership and participation, and is defined by its emphasis on 'win-win' or 'no regrets' solutions to the multiple challenges posed by climate change for the farmers of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The solutions are measures that increase resilience to future climate change, boost current productivity despite the greater climate variability already occurring, and limit greenhouse gas emissions-also known as 'climate-smart agriculture.' Specifically, this report provides a menu of climate change adaptation options for the agriculture and water resources sectors, along with specific recommendations that are tailored to three distinct Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) within Moldova. This menu reflects the results of three inter-related activities, conducted jointly by the team and local partners: 1) quantitative economic modeling of baseline conditions and the effects of climate change and an array of adaptation options; 2) qualitative analysis conducted by the expert team of agronomists, crop modelers, and water resources experts; and 3) input from a series of participatory workshops for national decision makers and farmers in each of the AEZs. This report provides a summary of the methods, data, results, and adaptation options for each of these activities.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOagricultural cropagricultural economyagricultural expertsagricultural growthagricultural inputagricultural inputsagricultural landagricultural marketAgricultural marketsagricultural policiesagricultural producersAgricultural Productionagricultural productivityAgricultural Productsagricultural researchagricultural research communityagricultural research institutesAgricultural Systemsagricultural technologyAgricultureAgriculture Organizationagriculture policiesagronomic practicesagronomistsanimal productionannual precipitationassessment of climate risksAverage yieldbeanbeefbeef cattleCapacity Buildingcarboncarbon dioxidecerealsClimateclimate adaptationClimate Changeclimate change adaptationClimate Change IMPACTClimate Change IMPACT ASSESSMENTClimate Change Impactsclimate change scenariosClimate Changesclimate conditionsclimate dataclimate effectsclimate eventsclimate forecastsClimate hazardClimate HazardsClimate ImpactClimate Impactsclimate modelClimate ModelingClimate ResilienceClimate ScenarioClimate Scenariosclimate scienceClimate temperaturesclimate variabilityclimate variablesClimatic changescoCO2colorsconservation tillageCropcrop areasCrop damagecrop insurancecrop productioncrop rotationCrop VarietiesCrop YieldCrop YieldscroppingCropsdiseasesdrip irrigationdroughtEcological Zoneseconomics of adaptation to climate changeEffect of Climate Changeeffect of temperatureemission scenarioemissions scenarioEmissions ScenariosEuropean Commissionevaporationevapotranspirationextension agencyextension agentsextreme eventsextreme heatextreme heat eventsextreme temperatureextreme weatherextreme weather eventsFAOFarmersfarmingfarming systemsfarmsFertilizationfertilizersfloodsfood securityFord Foundationforestforestryforestsfrostfruitsfuture climate changefuture climate scenariosGCMgeneral circulation modelGHGGISGoatsGrainGreen RevolutionGreenhouseGreenhouse Gasgreenhouse gas emissiongreenhouse gas emission reductionsgreenhouse gas emissionsGreenhouse Gas Mitigationgreenhouse gasesHailharvestharvesting rainwaterhigh yieldshigh-yield crop varietiesICARDAIFPRIIMPACT ASSESSMENTImpact of ClimateImpact of Climate ChangeImpacts of Climate Changeimplications of climate changeIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry AreasInternational Food Policy Research InstituteIPCCIrrigationirrigation systemslarge farmsLivestocklow rainfalllower rainfallMaizemeteorological informationmeteorologyMoisture Indexnatural resourcesnegative impactorchardspepesticidespestsplant breedingplant growthPlant Protectionpoverty reductionppPrecipitationquantitative analysisrainrainfallrainfall eventsrainwaterresilience to climate changeresistant varietiesresponse to climate changerisks of climate changeRiver BasinsRockefeller FoundationRural Developmentrural economiesrural populationseasonseed varietiesseedlingsseedssevere weathersheepsoil conservationsoil erosionsoil moisturesoil typeSoilsstormssummer temperatureSustainable DevelopmentTemperaturetemperature changestemperature fluctuationstemperature increasetemperature increasestemperaturesUNDPUnited NationsUnited Nations Development Programmevegetable cropvegetable productionvegetablesVulnerability to Climate Changewater qualityWater ResourcesWater Use EfficiencyWheatwinter temperatureswinter wheatworld food supplyyield lossesWorld Bank10.1596/978-1-4648-0045-0