Williams, Mark D. J.Mayer, RebeccaMinges, MichaelFoster, VivienBriceno-Garmendia, Cecilia2012-03-192012-03-192011-06-23978-0-8213-8454-1https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2325Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been a remarkable success in Africa. Across the continent, the availability and quality of service have gone up and the cost has gone down. In just 10 years dating from the end of the 1990s mobile network coverage rose from 16 percent to 90 percent of the urban population; by 2009, rural coverage stood at just under 50 percent of the population. Although the performance of Africa's mobile networks over the past decade has been remarkable, the telecommunications sector in the rest of the world has also evolved rapidly. Many countries now regard broadband Internet as central to their long-term economic development strategies, and many companies realize that the use of ICT is the key to maintaining profitability. This book is about that challenge and others. Chapters two and three describe the recent history of the telecommunications market in Africa; they cover such issues as prices, access, the performance of the networks, and the regulatory reforms that have triggered much of the investment. This part of the book compares network performance across the region and tries to explain why some countries have moved so much more quickly than others in providing affordable telecommunications services. Chapter four explores the financial side of the telecommunications revolution in Africa and details how the massive investments have been financed and which companies have most influenced the sector. Chapter five deals with the future of the sector. The final chapter synthesizes the main chapters of the book and presents policy recommendations intended to drive the sector forward.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYALUMINUMANNUAL CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSAPPROACHAVAILABILITYAVERAGE TARIFFBACKUP POWERBLACKOUTSBLOCK TARIFFBORDER INFRASTRUCTUREBORDER TRADEBORDER TRANSMISSIONCAPACITY EXPANSIONCAPITAL COSTSCAPITAL EXPENDITURESCAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCARCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONCLIMATE CHANGECOCOALCOAL RESERVESCOLORSCOMPENSATION MECHANISMSCONCESSIONSCONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITYCOST OF POWERCOST RECOVERYCOSTS OF POWERDAMSDEMAND FOR POWERDIESELDIESEL GENERATORSDIESEL POWERDISTRIBUTION NETWORKDOMESTIC ENERGYDOMESTIC ENERGY RESOURCESDOMINANT FUELDRIVINGDROUGHTECONOMIC COSTSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIES OF SCALEELECTRIC POWERELECTRICAL POWERELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONELECTRICITY DEMANDELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY PRICESELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONELECTRICITY SECTORELECTRICITY SERVICESELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY TARIFFEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTION CREDITEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSEMISSIONS SAVINGSENERGY POLICYENERGY RESOURCESENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSEXCESS CAPACITYFARESFOSSILFOSSIL FUELSFUELFUEL OILFUEL PRICESFUELSGASGAS PRODUCTIONGAS RESOURCESGASOLINEGENERATING CAPACITYGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATION COSTSGENERATION OF ELECTRICITYGEOTHERMAL PLANTSGEOTHERMAL POWERGLOBAL CARBON DIOXIDEGLOBAL CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSGOVERNMENT POLICYGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASESGRID POWERGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH RATESHEATHEAT PRODUCTIONHEAVY FUEL OILHOUSEHOLD BUDGETSHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHYDROELECTRIC PLANTSHYDROPOWERHYDROPOWER GENERATIONINFRASTRUCTURE COSTSINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCINGINFRASTRUCTURE FUNDINGINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESINFRASTRUCTURE SPENDINGINTERNATIONAL ENERGYINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT COSTSINVESTMENT REQUIREMENTSKEROSENEKILOWATT HOURKILOWATT-HOURLEASE CONTRACTSLOAD SHEDDINGLOWER TARIFFSMANAGEMENT CONTRACTSMARGINAL COST OF ELECTRICITYMARGINAL COSTSMETHANENATURAL GASNUCLEAR POWERNUCLEAR POWER PLANTO&MOILOIL PRICESOIL PRODUCTIONOIL RESERVESPEPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPETROLEUMPOWERPOWER CAPACITYPOWER CONSUMPTIONPOWER CORPORATIONPOWER COSTSPOWER CRISISPOWER DEMANDPOWER DEVELOPMENTPOWER GENERATIONPOWER GENERATION CAPACITYPOWER GRIDPOWER MARKETSPOWER OUTAGESPOWER PLANTSPOWER POOLSPOWER PRICESPOWER PRODUCTIONPOWER PROJECTPOWER PROJECTSPOWER SECTORPOWER SECTOR PLANNINGPOWER SECTOR REFORMPOWER SHORTAGESPOWER STATIONSPOWER SUPPLIESPOWER SUPPLYPOWER SYSTEMPOWER SYSTEMSPOWER TRADEPOWER TRADINGPPPREPAYMENTPRICE DIFFERENTIALPRICE OF OILPRICE OF POWERPRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATIONPROFIT MARGINPROPANEPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTUREREDUCTION IN EMISSIONSREGIONAL INFRASTRUCTURERENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCESRESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERSREVENUE COLLECTIONROUTESRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONSANITATIONSERVICE EXPANSIONSHIPPING CONTAINERSSURPLUS POWERTARIFF STRUCTURESTHERMAL CAPACITYTHERMAL ENERGYTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER PLANTSTINTOTAL EMISSIONSTRADING PATTERNSTRANSMISSION CAPACITYTRANSMISSION GRIDTRANSMISSION SYSTEMTRANSPORTTRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORTATIONURANIUMUTILITIESUTILITY BILLUTILITY LOADVEHICLEVOLTAGEWATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENTWEATHER PATTERNSWINDWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8454-1