Pushak, NataliyaFoster, Vivien2012-03-192012-03-192011-03-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3362Liberia's power generating capacity and national grid were completely demolished during 14 years of civil war. Piped water access fell from 15 percent of the population in 1986 to less than 3 percent in 2008. War also left the national road network in a state of severe disrepair. Since the return of peace, the port of Monrovia has resumed normal operations under private management, and progress has been made in securing donor finance for road reconstruction. Liberia has also successfully liberalized its mobile telephone markets, with low-priced access surging to 40 percent in 2009. Liberia's starkest challenge lies in funding a more cost-effective power sector. The country's generation capacity is barely one-tenth of the benchmark level of Africa's other low-income countries. The cost of generating power is exorbitant, and the power tariff is three times the regional average. Addressing Liberia's public infrastructure needs will require sustained expenditures of between $350 million and $600 million annually, mostly to fund power and transport. In the mid-2000s, with all sources of spending taken into account, Liberia spent around $90 million a year on infrastructure. An additional $17 million was lost to inefficiencies, such as underpricing of power. Because Liberia suffers an annual funding gap of between $250 million and $500 million per year, it will need a combination of increased finance, improved efficiency, and cost-reducing innovations to reach its infrastructure targets in a reasonable time. Without these, Liberians may have to wait for up to 40 years to achieve the targets.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESS TO SERVICESACCESSIBILITYADSLAIRAIR SAFETYAIR TRAFFICAIR TRANSPORTAIRCRAFTAIRWAYSAPPROACHARTERYAVAILABILITYBACK-UPBACKBONEBACKBONESBALANCEBANDWIDTHBARRIERS TO ENTRYBEST PRACTICEBIOMASSBIOMASS GENERATIONBOTTLENECKSBRIDGEBROADBANDBUDGET EXECUTIONCABLECAPITAL COSTSCAPITAL EXPENDITURECARGOCARGO HANDLINGCARGO HANDLING CHARGECARGO HANDLING OPERATIONSCOMMODITYCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGYCONCESSIONCONCESSION ARRANGEMENTSCONCESSIONAIRESCONCESSIONSCONNECTIVITYCOST RECOVERYCOSTS OF POWERCUSTOMSDEFICITSDEMAND FOR ELECTRICITYDEMAND FOR POWERDIESELDISTRIBUTION ASSETSDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDISTRIBUTION NETWORKECONOMIC ACTIVITIESECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIES OF SCALEELECTRIFICATIONEMPLOYMENTEND-USERENERGY INFRASTRUCTUREENTERPRISE SURVEYSFINANCIAL BURDENFINANCIAL FLOWSFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTMENTFUELFUEL OILGASGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATION OF ELECTRICITYGENERATORSGLOBAL STANDARDSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH RATESGROWTH STRATEGYHEAVY FUEL OILHOUSEHOLD ACCESSHOUSEHOLD BUDGETSHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHYDROPOWERINFRASTRUCTURE ACCESSINFRASTRUCTURE ASSETSINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE FUNDINGINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTSINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSINFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESINFRASTRUCTURE SPENDINGINNOVATIONSINSTALLATIONINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINTERNATIONAL COMPARISONSINVESTMENT TARGETSISPSKILOWATT-HOURKILOWATT-HOURSLANDLORD PORTSLEVIESMAINTENANCE EXPENDITURESMARKET CONCENTRATIONMARKET SHAREMATERIALMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTMOBILE PHONEMOBILE TELEPHONEMULTINATIONAL COMPANIESMUNICIPALITIESNATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURENATIONAL TRANSPORTNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESNETWORK TRAFFICO&MOPEN ACCESSOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCIESOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCYPENETRATION RATESPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPOPULATION DENSITYPORT ACCESSPORT AUTHORITYPORT CHARGESPORTSPOST-CONFLICTPOWERPOWER CONSUMPTIONPOWER COSTSPOWER DEMANDPOWER GENERATING CAPACITYPOWER GENERATIONPOWER GENERATION CAPACITYPOWER GRIDPOWER SECTORPOWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPOWER TRADEPRICE OF POWERPRICE OF WATERPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTIVITYPUBLICPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC NETWORKSPUBLIC PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATIONPUBLIC WORKSRADIORAILRAIL SERVICERAILWAYRAILWAY LINERAILWAYSREGIONAL NETWORKREGIONAL NETWORKSREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTRESULTRESULTSREVENUE COLLECTIONROADROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD SECTORROAD TRAFFICROAD USERROAD USER CHARGESROAD USER CHARGINGROADSROUTEROUTESRURAL ACCESSRURAL ROADSSANITATIONSANITATION INFRASTRUCTURESANITATION SECTORSANITATION UTILITIESSAVINGSSEAT CAPACITYSERVICE PROVIDERSSITESSURFACE ACCESSTECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTSTELECOMTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMTELEPHONE NETWORKTELEPHONE PENETRATIONTRAFFICTRAFFIC FLOWTRAFFIC FLOWSTRAFFIC GROWTHTRAFFIC LEVELSTRAFFIC VOLUMESTRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION GRIDTRANSMISSION LINETRANSPORTTRANSPORT INDICATORSTRANSPORT INDUSTRYTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT INVESTMENTSTRANSPORT MARKETTRANSPORT NETWORKTRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT STRATEGYTRUCK PROCESSINGTRUETURNAROUND TIMEUNIVERSAL ACCESSURBAN GROWTHURBAN ROADURBAN ROADSURBAN TRANSPORTUSERSUTILITIESUTILITY BILLUTILITY BILLSVEHICLESVSATWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER SERVICEWATER SERVICESWATER TARIFFSWATER UTILITIESWEBWEB SITEWIRELESS TECHNOLOGYWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5597